Tesis

Mortalitas Pneumonia Anak dengan Penyakit Jantung Bawaan Pirau Kiri ke Kanan dan Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhinya = Mortality of Pneumonia in Children with Left-to-Right Shunt Congenital Heart Disease and Associated Risk Factors.

Mortalitas pneumonia anak masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di seluruh dunia hingga saat ini. Bayi dengan penyakit jantung bawaan pirau kiri kanan (PJB L-R) berisiko menderita pneumonia. Data mortalitas pneumonia pada PJB L-R dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi belum banyak diketahui. Penelitian kohort retrospektif ini membandingkan mortalitas pneumonia dengan PJB L-R dengan tanpa PJB. Sebanyak 129 subyek dengan rentang usia 1 bulan – 7 tahun dengan diagnosis primer pneumonia, 54 subyek dengan PJB L-R dan 75 subyek tanpa PJB. Proporsi mortalitas pneumonia dengan PJB L-R lebih banyak (57,1%) dan risiko mortalitas lebih besar (OR 2,35; IK 95% 1,06 sampai 5,18) dibandingkan pneumonia tanpa PJB. Status gizi kurang/buruk, pneumonia rekuren, dan pneumonia terkait rumah sakit (HAP) lebih banyak secara signifikan pada pneumonia dengan PJB L-R. Sedangkan, tingkat keparahan dan anemia tidak berbeda bermakna di kedua kelompok. Pneumonia dengan tingkat keparahan berat memengaruhi mortalitas secara bermakna (OR 3,24; IK95% 1,16 sampai 9,08). Pneumonia rekuren, status gizi kurang/buruk, status imunisasi tidak lengkap, anemia, dan HAP tidak terbukti berhubungan dengan mortalitas pneumonia dengan PJB L-R.
Kata kunci: pneumonia, penyakit jantung bawaan pirau kiri ke kanan, mortalitas


Childhood pneumonia is still a worldwide problem with high mortality. Infants with left to right shunt congenital heart disease (L-R CHD) are at risk of developing pneumonia. Pneumonia’s mortality in L-R CHD and its influencing factors are not well known. This retrospective cohort study analyzed mortality of pneumonia with L-R CHD with and without CHD. There were 129 subjects (age range of 1 month up to 7 years 11 months) with pneumonia as the primary diagnosis, consisting of 54 subjects with L-R CHD and 75 subjects without CHD. Mortality rate in children with L-R CHD was higher than those without CHD group (57.1%). The risk of mortality was greater (OR 2.35; 95% CI 1.06 to 5.18) compared to pneumonia without CHD. Moderate to severe malnutrition, recurrent pneumonia, and hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) are significantly higher in LR CHD group. Meanwhile, pneumonia severity and anemia were not significantly different in both groups. Severe pneumonia significantly affected mortality (OR 3.24; 95% CI 1.16 to 9.08). Recurrent pneumonia, moderate-to-severe mlanutrition, incomplete immunization status, anemia, and HAP have not been proven to be associated with pneumonia mortality with L-R CHD.
Keywords: pneumonia, congenital heart disease left to right, mortality