Tesis

Hubungan antara Persepsi Latihan Fisik dengan Perilaku Latihan Fisik pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 yang Mengikuti Senam di Puskesmas Kecamatan Menteng = The Relationship Between Exercise Perception and Exercise Behaviour in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Participated in Aerobic Exercise at Puskesmas Kecamatan Menteng .

Latar Belakang: Perilaku kurang aktif pada pasien Diabetes Mellitus (DM) tipe 2 dapat meningkatkan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular dan kematian. Salah satu faktor yang menentukan perilaku menjalani latihan fisik secara teratur, yaitu persepsi mengenai latihan fisik. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara persepsi latihan fisik dengan perilaku latihan fisik pasien Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2 yang mengikuti senam di Puskesmas Kecamatan Menteng. Metode: Penelitian kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam mengenai persepsi latihan fisik dan perilaku latihan fisik pada pasien DM tipe 2 yang telah terdaftar menjadi anggota komunitas senam minimal 6 bulan. Pemilihan informan dengan cara purposive sampling dan terdapat 9 informan. Hasil: Karakteristik informan sebagian besar berusia produktif antara 45 – 64 tahun dengan jenis kelamin perempuan, pendidikan SMA atau dibawahnya, ibu rumah tangga, riwayat menderita DM tipe 2 lebih dari 5 tahun, kadar HbA1 ≥ 6,5%, lebih dari 1 tahun bergabung dalam komunitas senam dan 3 informan memiliki komplikasi. Sebagian besar informan merasakan sangat bermanfaat terhadap persepsi manfaat latihan fisik. Namun, ada beberapa informan yang merasakan latihan fisik kurang bermanfaat dalam memperbaiki kolesterol dalam darah, kurang membantu tidur lebih nyenyak, kurang meningkatkan kekuatan otot dan kurang meningkatkan kelenturan tubuh. Sebagian besar informan tidak merasakan adanya persepsi hambatan dalam melakukan latihan fisik. Sebagian besar informan berperilaku aktif. Frekuensi dan durasi latihan fisik berkorelasi kuat dengan persepsi manfaat latihan fisik dan persepsi hambatan latihan fisik. Strategi edukasi dapat dilakukan berupa strategi meningkatkan persepsi manfaat latihan fisik, mengatasi persepsi hambatan melakukan latihan fisik, strategi melakukan latihan fisik secara aktif dan strategi meningkatkan motivasi melakukan latihan fisik. Kesimpulan: Frekuensi dan durasi latihan fisik sangat dipengaruhi persepsi manfaat dan hambatan latihan fisik. Strategi edukasi bagi pasien DM tipe 2 sangat diperlukan agar perilaku hidup aktif dapat dipertahankan untuk mengontrol kadar glukosa darah, mengendalikan komplikasi dan mencegah disabilitas.
Kata Kunci: persepsi latihan fisik, perilaku latihan fisik, Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2


Background: Sedentary behaviour in type 2 diabetes patients can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and death. The perception of exercise is a factor that determines regular exercise behaviour. Goals: the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between exercise perception and exercise behaviour in type 2 diabetes patients participated in aerobic exercise at Puskesmas Kecamatan Menteng. Methods: Qualitative research with depth interview about the perception of exercise and exercise behaviour in type 2 diabetes patients who have been registered as members of aerobic exercise community for at least 6 months. The selection of informants by purposive sampling and there were 9 informants. Results: The majority characteristics of informants were productive age between 45-64 years old, female, high school education or below, housewives, history of type 2 DM more than 5 years, HbA1c level ≥ 6.5%, more than 1 year joined the community. 3 informants had complications. Most of the informants felt very beneficial for the perception of exercise benefits. However, there were some informants who felt exercise less useful in improved cholesterol level, worst sleep, less increased muscle strength and less body flexibility. Most of the informants did not feel exercise barriers. Most informants performed aerobic exercise regularly. The frequency and duration of aerobic exercise were strongly correlated with exercise benefits and barriers perception. The education strategies by the experts, such as strategy to improve exercise benefits perception, strategy to decerease exercise barriers perception, strategy to do active lifestyle and strategy to increase exercise motivation. Conclusion: The frequency and duration of aerobic exercise were very influenced by exercise benefits and barriers perception. The education strategies for type 2 diabetes patients were very needed to maintenance active lifestyle, blood glucose control, reduce complications and prevent disability.
Keywords: exercise perception, exercise behaviour, type 2 diabetes mellitus