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Pengaruh Frekuensi Olahraga Futsal terhadap Kebugaran Jasmani, Neuroplastisitas, Stres Fisik dan Stres Oksidatif. Kajian terhadap Komponen Kebugaran Jasmani, Atensi, Memori, Kadar BDNF, IGF-1, Kortisol dan MDA = Effect of the frequency of futsal sport on physical fitness, neuroplasticity, physical stress and oxidative stress: Study of components of physical fitness, attention, memory, BDNF, IGF-1, cortisol and MDA levels.

Latar Belakang: Anak usia remaja sangat rentan mengalami gangguan, antara lain pola hidup yang tidak teratur, behavior, pertumbuhan fisik dan pertumbuhan psikis. Peranan aktifitas fisik atau olahraga menjadi sarana untuk mencegah anak usia remaja dari pengaruh negatif. Akan tetapi aktivitas olahraga ini tidak dilakukan secara teratur dan durasinya sangat singkat baik dilingkungan sekolah maupun dilingkungan sekitarnya. Olahraga melalui pendidikan jasmani di sekolah cenderung selalu mengalami perubahan kurikulum sehingga durasi kegiatan olahraga menjadi lebih singkat. Saat ini, banyak anak usia remaja melakukan kegiatan olahraga permainan Futsal. Olahraga futsal bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan kebugaran jasmani, neuroplastisitas. Akan tetapi olahraga futsal juga dapat memengaruhi terhadap stres fisik dan stres oksidatif. Metode: Desain pre-post test pada anak usia remaja 13-15 tahun. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 27 orang (tidak biasa bermain futsal) dibagi secara acak sederhana kedalam 3 kelompok perlakuan, frekuensi olahraga 1x perminggu (FO1), FO3 dan FO5. Tahap awal penelitian dilakukan persiapan/pembiasaan olahraga futsal dan pengambilan data parameter, tahap pelaksanaan dengan pemberian perlakuan olahraga futsal sesuai frekuensi selama 8 minggu dan tahap terakhir pengambilan data paramater dilakukan 1 hari setelah perlakuan. Penelitian ini sudah lolos kaji etik dari Komisi Etik FKUI. Kebugaran jasmani diukur dengan tes kebugaran jasmani Indoensia, atensi dengan grid exercise test, memori dengan digit span test. Kadar BDNF, IGF-1, Kortisol dan MDA menggunakan ELISA. Hasil: Kebugaran jasmani ditemukan meningkat secara bermakna pada FO3 dan FO5. Atensi dan memori ditemukan peningkatan pada FO1, FO3 dan FO5. Peningkatan BDNF hanya ditemukan pada kelompok FO3. IGF-1 ditemukan meningkat secara bermakna pada kelompok FO1, FO3 dan FO5. Peningkatan kadar Kortisol dan MDA hanya ditemukan pada kelompok FO5. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan olahraga yang optimal dan aman pada anak usia remaja yaitu frekuensi olahraga futsal 3 kali perminggu. Kesimpulan: Frekuensi olahraga futsal 3 kali perminggu lebih baik dan aman dibandingkan olahraga futsal 1 kali dan 5 kali terhadap kebugaran jasmani, neuroplastisitas, stres fisik dan stres oksidatif pada anak usia remaja.
Keywords: kebugaran jasmani, neuroplastisitas, stres fisik, stres oksidatif, anak usia remaja, frekuensi olahraga


Background: Adolescents are particularly susceptible to disorders, including irregular lifestyle, behavior, physical growth and psychological growth. The role of physical activity and exercise becomes a means to prevent adolescent from negative impacts. However this exercise is not carried out regularly and the duration is very short both in the school and the enclosing environment. Exercise through physical education in schools tends to always experience curriculum changes so that the duration of games activities becomes more compressed. At present, many adolescents do Futsal. Futsal is useful for improving physical fitness, neuroplasticity. But futsal can also affect physical stress and oxidative stress. Method: Pre-post test design in adolescents aged 13-15 years. The subjects of the study were 27 students (limited experienced futsal) divided into 3 groups with simple randomized, practice frequency 1x per week (FO1), FO3 and FO5. The beginning stage of the research is the preparation/habituation of futsal sports and the retrieval of parameter data. The implementation phase by administering futsal sports according to the frequency for 8 weeks and the last stage of data taking parameters are done 1 day after treatment. This research has passed the ethical review of the Indonesia University Ethics Commission. Physical fitness is measured by an Indonesian physical fitness test, attention by a grid exercise test, memory with a digit span test. BDNF, IGF-1, Cortisol and MDA levels used ELISA. Results: Physical fitness was found to increase significantly at FO3 and FO5. Attention and memory are observed to improve in FO1, FO3, and FO5. BDNF increase was simply detected in the FO3 group. IGF-1 was discovered to increase significantly in the FO1, FO3 and FO5 groups. Increased levels of Cortisol and MDA were only detected in the FO5 group. Based on the results of the investigation it was observed that optimal and harmless exercise in teenagers is the frequency of futsal practice 3 times a week. Conclusions: The frequency of futsal exercises 3 times a week implies better and more harmless than futsal 1 times and 5 times for physical fitness, neuroplasticity, physical stress and oxidative stress in adolescents.
Keywords: Physical fitness, neuroplasticity, physical stress, oxidative stress, adolescent, exercise frequency