Tesis

Development of food based recommendation on nutrient- gap identified using linear programming among school adolescents in Malang district, Indonesia = Penyusunan rekomendasi makanan berdasarkan identifikasi Kesenjangan gizi menggunakan pemrograman linear pada remaja sekolah di Kabupaten Malang, Indonesia.

Remaja sekolah membutuhkan asupan gizi yang cukup untuk mendukung pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kognitif. Penyusunan rekomendasi makanan menggunakan program linear adalah pendekatan matematika untuk menghasilkan model rekomendasi makanan optimal dari beberapa solusi, dengan mempertimbangkan batasan-batasan seperti pola makan saat ini, makanan lokal, harga, optimisasi kandungan gizi, untuk populasi tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun rekomendasi makanan berdasarkan kesenjangan gizi yang diidentifikasi menggunakan pemrograman linier (LP) dengan software Optifood. Sebuah studi potong lintang dilakukan dengan metode acak purposif sekolah yang berasal dari program "Gizi untuk Prestasi" by SEAMEO RECFON. Pengulangan diet 24 jam, pengukuran antropometrik, dan kuesioner terstruktur dilakukan di antara 186 siswa (laki-laki = 68, perempuan = 118, berusia 15-18 tahun), serta survei pasar untuk mendapatkan harga per 100g makanan yang dapat dimakan. Remaja sekolah laki-laki memiliki dua masalah gizi absolut, yaitu kalsium dan folat. Sementara itu, remaja perempuan memiliki tiga masalah gizi absolut, kalsium, folat, dan zat besi. Makanan padat nutrisi yang dipilih untuk mengisi kesenjangan adalah susu fortifikasi, nasi putih, telur ayam, hati sapi, dan roti. Kombinasi akhir rekomendasi makanan mingguan untuk remaja sekolah laki-laki adalah 7 porsi telur, termasuk 5 porsi telur ayam, 7 porsi sumber protein nabati, 10 porsi sayuran berdaun hijau tua, 14 porsi nasi, dan 3 porsi susu fortifikasi. Sedangkan untuk remaja sekolah putri adalah 5 porsi buah, 14 porsi sumber protein hewani, termasuk 1 porsi hati sapi, 7 porsi produk sumber protein nabati, termasuk 5 porsi kedelai dan produknya, 7 porsi sayuran berdaun hijau tua, 3 porsi susu fortifikasi, dan 1 porsi roti.
Kata kunci: remaja sekolah, kesenjangan gizi, program linear


School adolescents need an adequate nutrition to support their growth and cognitive development. Developing food based recommendations (FBR) using linear programming is a mathematical approach to obtain an optimal FBR from many potential solutions, by respecting the imposed constraints such as current dietary habit, local foods, cost, optimized nutrient content, for particular population. This study aimed to develop food based recommendation based on nutrient-gap identified using linear programming (LP) with Optifood software. A cross-sectional study was done with purposive sampling of school obtained from “Gizi untuk Prestasi” program by SEAMEO RECFON. A repeated24 hour dietary recall, anthropometric measurement, and structured questionnaire were conducted among 186 school adolescents (male= 68, female= 118, aged 15-18 years old), also market survey. Male adolescents had two absolute problem nutrients, namely calcium and folate. Whilst, adolescent females had three absolute problem nutrients, calcium, folate, and iron. The nutrient dense foods selected to fill the gap were fortified milk, white rice, chicken egg, beef liver, and bread. The final combination of weekly FBR for male school adolescents were 7 serves of any eggs, included 5 serves of chicken egg, 7 serves of any plant protein sources, 10 serves of dark green leafy vegetables, 14 serves of cooked rice, and 3 serves of fortified milk. While for female school adolescents were 5 serves of fruits, 14 serves of animal protein sources, included 1 serves of beef liver, 7 serves of plant protein sources products, included 5 serves of soybean and products, 7 serves of dark green leafy vegetables), 3 serves of fortified milk, dan 1 porsi roti.
Key words: School adolescents, nutrient-gap, linear programming