Tesis

Hubungan inflamasi, status nutrisi, dan usia terhadap terhadap ketebalan diafragma pasien kritis: penelitian pada rasio netrofil limfosit, dan kadar prealbumin serum = Association between Inflammation, Nutritional Status, and Age with Diaphragm Thickness in Critical Patients: Study on neutrophil-lymphocyte ration, and prealbumin serum levels.

Latar Belakang: Ventilasi mekanik diperlukan pasien kritis di unit perawatan intensif dengan tujuan menormalkan kadar gas darah arteri dan menyeimbangkan kadar asam basa, namun penggunaan ventilasi mekanik yang berkepanjangan dapat menyebabkan terjadinya Ventilator Associated Pneumonia, cedera paru, infeksi nosokomial, dan sepsis. Ketebalan diafragma memiliki korelasi signifikan dengan lama penggunaan ventilasi mekanik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan faktor-faktor risiko dengan ketebalan diafragma pasien kritis di ICU, sehingga dapat membantu untuk memprediksi lamanya penggunaan ventilasi mekanik. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi analitik observasional terhadap 30 subjek penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria penerimaan selama periode September 2018Desember 2018 di Ruang Perawatan Intensif RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin. Ketebalan diafragma pasien kritis yang menggunakan ventilasi mekanik diukur pada hari ke-0, ke-3, ke-5 dan kemudian dibandingkan. Hasil: Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan ventilasi mekanik didominasi oleh laki-laki (63,33 %), usia 40-70 tahun (63,33%), dengan status nutrisi kategori tidak obes (90%). Penurunan ketebalan diafragma signifikan terjadi pada hari ke-3 (nilai P = 0,026). Penurunan ketebalan diafragma memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan RNL (nilai P = 0,003), kadar prealbumin (nilai P = 0,025), IMT (nilai P = 0,015), sepsis (nilai P = 0,010), dan pemberian albumin artifisial (nilai P = 0,013). Sedangkan usia (nilai P = 0,603), jenis kelamin (nilai P = 0,906), opioid (nilai P = 0,315), dan kadar glukosa (nilai P = 0,303) menunjukkan hubungan yang tidak bermakna secara statistik. Simpulan: Penurunan ketebalan diafragma terjadi pada subjek yang menggunakan ventilasi mekanik dipengaruhi oleh RNL, kadar prealbumin serum, IMT, sepsis, dan penggunaan albumin intravena, namun tidak dipengaruhi usia, jenis kelamin, penggunaan opioid, dan pemberian infus albumin intravena.
Kata Kunci: Ventilasi mekanik, Ketebalan diafragma, Pasien Kritis, Unit Perawatan Intensif


Background: Mechanical ventilation required by critical patients in intensive care unit to normalizing arterial blood gas and balancing acid-base levels, but prolonged use of mechanical ventilation can cause ventilator associated pneumonia, lung injury, nosocomial infections, and sepsis. Diaphragm thickness has a significant correlation with the duration of mechanical ventilation uses. This study aims to analyze the relations of risk factors with the thickness of the diaphragm of critical patients in the ICU. Hopefully it can help to predict the length of the mechanical ventilation uses. Methods: This study was an observational analytic study of 30 research subjects who met the acceptance criteria during the period September 2018-January 2019 in the Intensive Care Unit of Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital. The diaphragm thickness of critical patients using mechanical ventilation was measured on the 0th, 3rd, 5th and then compared by days. Results: The study showed that the use of mechanical ventilation was dominated by men (63.33%), ages 40-70 years (63.33%), with nutritional status in the category of not obese (90%). A significant decrease in the thickness of the diaphragm occurred on the 3rd day (p-value = 0.026). The decrease in diaphragm thickness has a significant relations with RNL (p-value = 0.003), prealbumin level (p-value = 0.025), BMI (p-value = 0.015), sepsis (p-value = 0.010), and artificial albumin (p-value = 0.013). Whereas age (p-value = 0.603), gender (p-value = 0.906), opioid (p-value = 0.315), and glucose level (p-value = 0.303) showed a relations that did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: The decrease in diaphragm thickness occurred in subjects using mechanical ventilation affected by RNL, serum prealbumin levels, BMI, sepsis, and intravenous albumin uses, but were not affected by age, sex, opioid use, and intravenous albumin infusion.
Keywords: Mechanical Ventilation, Diaphragm Thickness, Critical Patients, Intensive Care Unit