Skripsi

Aktivitas Insektisida Ekstrak Metanol Rimpang Jahe (Zingiber officinale) yang Mengandung Nanokomposit Perak Titanium Dioksida terhadap Larva dan Nyamuk Aedes aegypti = Insecticidal activity of methanolic extract of Zingiber officinale rhizome containing Ag-TiO2 nanocomposite against Aedes aegypti larvae and mosquitoes.

Latar Belakang: Demam Berdarah Dengue ditransmisikan oleh vektor nyamuk Aedes aegypti yang sudah resisten terhadap insektisida sintetik. Tujuan penelitian ini mengevaluasi aktivitas insektisida (larvasida dan adultisida) ekstrak rimpang (Zingiber officinale) yang mengandung nanokomposit Ag-TiO2 terhadap A. aegypti.
Metode: Penelitian eksperimen terbagi dua kelompok. Pertama, larva A. aegypti dipaparkan dengan ekstrak jahe (konsentrasi 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, dan 2500 ppm), nanokomposit Ag-TiO2 (konsentrasi 1, 3, 6, 9, dan 12 ppm), dan campuran ekstrak jahe dan nanokomposit (12 ppm) dengan lima pengulangan. Kedua, nyamuk dewasa betina A. aegypti dipaparkan dengan ekstrak jahe (konsentrasi 2500, 5000, 10 000, dan 20 000 ppm), nanokomposit Ag-TiO2 (konsentrasi 5, 10, 20, dan 30 ppm), dan ekstrak jahe yang mengandung nanokomposit (30 ppm) dengan tiga pengulangan.
Hasil: Mortalitas 100% larva ditemukan pada ekstrak jahe yang mengandung Ag-TiO2 (LC50 = 704,1 ppm, LC90 = 1868,5 ppm) dan ekstrak jahe (LC50 = 765,7 ppm, LC90 = 1945,1 ppm). Terdapat perbedaan persentase mortalitas larva (p < 0,05) dengan korelasi positif bermakna dengan konsentrasi ekstrak jahe (r = 0,6), Ag-TiO2 (r = 0,8), dan ekstrak jahe yang mengandung Ag-TiO2 (r= 0,7). Sebesar 100% mortalitas nyamuk ditemukan pada Ag-TiO2 (LC50 = 15,5 ppm, LC90 = 99,0 ppm) dan ekstrak jahe yang mengandung Ag-TiO2 (LC50 = 744,4 ppm, LC90 = 5078,9 ppm). Terdapat perbedaan persentase mortalitas nyamuk (p < 0,05) diikuti korelasi positif kuat antara konsentrasi Ag-TiO2 (r = 0,9) dan ekstrak jahe yang mengandung Ag-TiO2 (r = 0,9 p).
Kesimpulan: Ekstrak rimpang Z. officinale yang mengandung nanokomposit Ag-TiO2 merupakan insektisida yang efektif untuk mengontrol populasi A. aegypti.
Kata kunci: Jahe (Zingiber officinale), Aedes aegypti, Ag-TiO2 , aktivitas insektisida


Background: Dengue hemorrhagic fever is transmitted by mosquito vector Aedes aegypti which has been reported resistant to synthetic insecticides. The aim of this study was to evaluate insecticide activities (larvacidal and adulticidal) of Zingiber officinale rhizome extract and Ag-TiO2 nanocomposite against A. aegypti.
Method: This experimental study consists of two groups. First, the larvae of A. aegypti exposed to ginger extract (concentrations 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, and 2500 ppm), Ag-TiO2 nanocomposite (concentrations 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 ppm), and mixture of Z. officinale rhizome extract and Ag-TiO2 (12 ppm) in 5 replicates. Second, adult female A. aegypti mosquitoes exposed with ginger extract (consentrations 2500, 5000, 10000, and 20000 ppm), Ag-TiO2 nanocomposite (consentrations 5, 10, 20, 30 ppm), and ginger extract containing nanocomposite (30 ppm) in 3 replicates.
Result: A. aegypti larvae 100% mortality was found on the ginger extract containing Ag-TiO2 (LC50 = 704,1 ppm, LC90 = 1868,5 ppm) and ginger extract (LC50 = 765,7 ppm, LC90 = 1945,1 ppm). There was a significant difference (p < 0,05) and a significant positive correlation between larvae mortality and the concentration of ginger extract (r = 0,6), Ag-TiO2 (r = 0,8), and ginger extract containing Ag-TiO2 (r= 0,7). Mosquitoes 100% mortality was found on the Ag-TiO2 (LC50 = 15,5 ppm, LC90 = 99,0 ppm) and ginger extract containing Ag-TiO2 (LC50 = 744,4 ppm, LC90 = 5078,9 ppm). Percentage difference (p < 0,05) and strong positive correlation was found between the mortality of mosquitoes and the Ag-TiO2 (r = 0,9) and ginger extract containing Ag-TiO2 (r = 0,9) concentrations.
Conclusion: Zingiber officinale rhizome extract containing Ag-TiO2 nanocomposite is an effective insecticide to control A. aegypti population.
Keywords: Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Aedes aegypti, nanokomposit, LC50, dan LC90