Skripsi

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Measles Vaccine Amongst Parents in DKI Jakarta = Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Measles Vaccine Amongst Parents in DKI Jakarta.

Introduction. Indonesia has implemented a national immunization program with 5 basic compulsory immunizations, including measles, however, measles remains to be one of the leading causes of death in young children. Parents’ knowledge and attitude towards immunization is said to be one the factors affecting the practice. This research aims to know how is the practice of measles vaccine in DKI Jakarta and its association with parental knowledge and attitude towards measles vaccine.
Methods. This research follows the cross sectional manner using a questionnaire about measles vaccine which includes “Yes”, “No” and “Don’t know” questions regarding knowledge and Likert Scale questions regarding subject’s attitude. Questionnaires was distributed to parents of children of the age 2-5 years old from playgroups and kindergartens in South and North Jakarta. The data collected was analyzed using SPSS for Macintosh (Ver. 24) and chi-square method.
Results. One hundred and fifty-two out of 200 respondents had good knowledge about measles, 114 had positive attitude towards it and 188 respondents vaccinated their children with measles vaccine. P values of < 0.05 were obtained on the relationship between parents’ education level and their knowledge about measles and measles vaccine and the relationship between parents’ attitude and their practice. A significant association was revealed between parents’ knowledge and their practice, shown by a p value of 0.009 and an OR of 5.01.
Conclusion. The association between parents’ education level and their knowledge about measles and parents’ attitude towards measles vaccination and its practice were proved to be insignificant. A significant association, is present between parents’ knowledge and the practice of measles vaccine. Other factors such as partner’s and family’s involvement, beliefs and the fear of side effects may also affect the practice of measles vaccine.
Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Measles, Vaccine, Parents


Pendahuluan. Indonesia memiliki program imunisasi nasional yang mencakup 5 imunisasi dasar, termasuk campak, namun, penyakit campak masih menjadi salah satu penyebab utama kematian pada anak. Pengetahuan dan sikap orangtua terhadap imunisasi konon merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku dari vaksin campak di DKI Jakarta dan hubungannya dengan pengetahuan serta sikap orangtua terhadap imunisasi itu sendiri.
Metode. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode cross sectional, melalui pengisian kuesioner. Terdapat pertanyaan “Ya”, “Tidak” dan “Tidak tahu” mengenai pengetahuan dan Skala Likert mengenai sikap dan perilaku subyek terhadap vaksin campak. Kuesioner akan dibagikan kepada orangtua dari anak berumur 2-5 tahun di kelompok bermain dan PAUD di Jakarta Selatan dan Jakarta Utara. Data yang telah diperoleh akan dianalisa dengan program SPSS (Ver. 24) untuk Macintosh dan metode chi-square.
Hasil. Seratus lima puluh dua responden dari 200 memiliki pengetahuan yang buruk dan 114 responden bersikap positif terhadap vaksin campak dan 188 responden memvaksinasi anak mereka tengan vaksin campak. Dari tes chi-squre pada hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan orang tua dan pengetahuan orang tua serta pada hubungan antara sikap orang tua dan perilaku terhadap vaksin campak, didapatkan nilai p > 0.05. Sedangkan pada tes chi-square antara pengetahuan orangtua dan perilaku dari vaksin campak didapatkan nilai p 0.009 dan odds ratio sebesar 5.01.
Kesimpulan. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan orangtua dan perilaku dari vaksin campak. Hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan orangtua dan pengetahuan mengenai campak serta sikap orangtua dan perilaku dari vaksin campak terbukti tidak signifikan. Faktor lain seperti campur tangan pasangan/keluarga, kepercayaan, kekhawatiran terhadap efek samping dapat mempengaruhi perilaku orang tua terhadap vaksin campak.
Kata kunci: Pengetahuan, Sikap, Perilaku, Vaksin, Campak, Orangtua