Tesis

Evaluasi Efektifitas Program Ergonomi Perkantoran Bagi Pekerja Pengguna Komputer Di Perusahaan X Jakarta Mengacu Pada Standar Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja (SMK3) = Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Office Ergonomics Program for Computer Workers Using Standard Occupational Safety and Health Management System in Company X Jakarta .

Latar belakang: Health Risk Assessment (HRA) tahun 2016, melaporkan gangguan muskuloskeletal pada pekerja pengguna komputer di Perusahaan X adalah 73,28%. Untuk mengatasi ini, Perusahaan X mulai menerapkan Program Ergonomi Perkantoran, yang sampai saat ini belum dievaluasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas program ergonomis dengan menggunakan standar SMK3 sebagai referensi. Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional dengan pendekatan mixmethods (kuantitatif dan kualitatif). Wawancara mendalam dilakukan dengan pimpinan perusahaan dan pengelola program. Efektivitas program didapat dengan mewawancarai pekerja yang berpartisipasi dalam HRA pada tahun 2016. Hasil: Program ini berhasil dan efektif dalam mengurangi gangguan muskuloskeletal secara signifikan sebesar 37,7%. Hubungan yang signifikan didapatkan antara latihan peregangan (OR 6,53, 95% CI 1,74-24,57) dan penerapan posisi kerja ergonomis (OR 6,93 95% CI 2,08-23,01) dengan penurunan gangguan muskuloskeletal. Implementasi standar SMK3 pada pelaksanaanp program, mencapai 81,08% untuk elemen input (kategori baik), 74,02% untuk elemen proses (kategori baik) dan 85,7% untuk elemen output (kategori memuaskan). Konsultasi dengan perwakilan pekerja sebelum implementasi, distribusi fasilitas penyanggah laptop yang merata, dan pengawasan pelaksanaan program, merupakan faktor kunci bagi program untuk meraih tingakt keberhasilan yang lebih tinggi. Kesimpulan: Program Kantor Ergonomis berhasil menurunkan keluhan muskuloskeletal antara 37,7%. Implementasi Sistem Manajemen K3 standar dalam konsultasi program, penyediaan fasilitas program dan pengawasan mempengaruhi kerberhasilan program.
Kata Kunci : Program Ergonomi Perkantoran, Gangguan Muskuloskeletal,SMK3


Background: Health Risk Assessment (HRA) in 2016, revealed that musculoskeletal disorders among in computer workers in Company X was 73.28%. To control this, Company X started to implement an Office Ergonomic Program, which has not been evaluated yet. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the ergonomic program by using standard OSH Management System checklists as a reference. Method: The design of this study is cross sectional using mix methods (quantitative and qualitative). In depth interviews were conducted with the company management and ergonomic program managers and also relevant documents were reviewed. The effectiveness of the program was conducted by interviewing worker who participated in the HRA in by 2016. Results: The program was successful and effective in signifficantly reducing musculoskeletal disorders by 37.7%. A significant association was found between implementing stretching exercises ((OR 6.53 95% CI 1.74-24.57)) and ergonomic working positions (OR 6.93 95% CI 2.08-23.01) with decreased musculoskeletal disorders. Implementation of standard OSH Management System to implementation of program, achieved 81.08% for input element (good category), 74.02% for process element (good category) and 85.7% for output elements (satisfactory category). Consultation with worker representatives before implementation, adequate distribution of laptop support facilities, and program supervision are the key factor of the program to have higher success rate. Conclusion: The Ergonomic Office program succeeded decreasing musculoskeletal complaints in 37.7% of the workers. The implementation of standard OSH Management in program consultation, provision of program facilities and supervision are the factor which influenced the success of the program.
Keywords: Office Ergonomic Program, Musculoskeletal Disorder, Standard Occupational Safety and Health Management System