Tesis

Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST versi Bahasa Indonesia = Validity and Reliability Test of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in Indonesian version on Schizophrenia Group and Healthy Group.

Pendahuluan: Fungsi eksekutif merupakan fungsi kognitif yang melibatkan pikiran dan perilaku yang kompleks. Defisit fungsi eksekutif menyebabkan terganggunya kemampuan untuk merencanakan, melakukan serta mengontrol tindakan. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) merupakan tes neuropsikologi yang memiliki sejarah yang panjang sebagai pemeriksaan fungsi eksekutif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan instrumen untuk menilai fungsi eksekutif yaitu WCST versi Bahasa Indonesia dan melakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas instrument tersebut. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan di Unit Rawat Jalan Psikiatri Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo pada tanggal 27 Maret sampai 5 April 2018 terhadap 31 orang pasien skizofrenia dan 30 orang sehat, berusia 18 sampai 59 tahun dengan pendidikan minimum SMP, dengan sampling konsekutif setelah melalui tahap seleksi menggunakan Structured Clinical Inrterview and Diagnosis DSM IV (SCID), tes Ishihara, tes Rosenbaum, uji pendengaran 5 kata, Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (WTAR), PANSS Remisi, melakukan penerjemahan yang disesuaikan dengan Bahasa Indonesia, penerjemahan balik, uji validitas konstruksi, reliabilitas inter-rater dan reliabilitas internal instrumen WCST versi Bahasa Indonesia. Hasil: Uji validitas konstruksi menggunakan analisis faktor mendapati adanya kesamaan hasil dengan uji validitas yang dilakukan oleh Bell dkk (1997) dan Sullivan dkk (1993) dengan meneliti 14 variabel dari WCST. Uji reliabilitas inter-rater menggunakan Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) pada variabel respons perseveratif, kesalahan perseveratif, dan kesalahan nonperseveratif didapatkan nilai kesepakatan masingmasing 0.989, 0.984, 0.973; dan nilai konsistensi masing-masing 0.995, 0.993, 0.990 yang berarti hasil nilai ICC yang sangat baik. Uji reliabilitas konsistensi internal menunjukkan hasil Cronbach’s Alpha sebesar 0,730 pada kelompok pasien dan 0,819 pada kelompok sehat. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel-variabel dalam penilaian WCST memiliki reliabilitas yang baik. Diskusi: Instrumen WCST versi Bahasa Indonesia terbukti sahih dan andal. Pada studi selanjutnya sebaiknya dikumpulkan juga data mengenai usia pertama kali mendapatkan pengobatan psikofarmaka yang digunakan sehingga dalam analisis dapat diperoleh data yang lebih komprehensif.
Kata Kunci: fungsi eksekutif, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, skizofrenia, validitas, reliabilitas.


Introduction: The executive function is a part of cognitive function involving complex thoughts and behaviors. The deficit of executive function leads to disruption of the ability to plan, perform, and control actions. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is a neuropsychological test that has a long history in the examination of executive function. This study aims to test the validity and reliability of WCST Indonesian version as an instrument to assess the executive function. Method: The study was conducted at the Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital in Psychiatric Outpatient Unit from March to April 2018 on 31 schizophrenic and 30 healthy sample, age 18 to 59-year-old with a minimum of junior high school education, by means of consecutive sampling after using Structured Clinical Interview and Diagnosis DSM-IV Disorder (SCID), Ishihara test, Rosenbaum test, 5-word hearing test, Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (WTAR), PANSS Remission. The WCST Indonesian version has undergone translation and back-translation as well as construction validity test, interrater reliability test, and and internal reliability test.. Result: Test of construction validity by using factor analysis found a similar result to test conducted by Bell et al (1997) and Sullivan et al (1993) by examining 14 variables from WCST. Inter-rater reliability with Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) on perseveration response, perseveration mistake, and nonperseveration mistake variables were 0.989, 0.984, and 0.973 consecutively; and consistency value was 0.995, 0.993 and 0.990 consecutively, which means the ICC was very good. The internal consistency reliability test showed Cronbach's Alpha results of 0.730 in the patient group and 0.819 in the healthy group. This shows that the variables in the WCST assessment have good reliability. Discussion: The Indonesian version of WCST Instrument is valid and reliable in measuring executive functions both in healthy groups and in schizophrenic patients. On following studies, it is recommended to include all data about the age at first treatment and the medication status so in analysis can obtain more comprehensive data.
Keyword: executive functions, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, schizophrenia, validity, reliability.