Tesis

Penilaian potensi transmisi Cryptosporidium sp. dari air sungai Ciliwung berdasarkan enumerasi ookista = Assessment of transmission potential of Cryptosporidium sp. in Ciliwung river water based on oocyst enumeration.

Cryptosporidium sp. adalah protozoa intraseluler penyebab diare. Infeksi dapat terjadi apabila tertelan ookista Cryptosporidium sp. baik secara langsung melalui kontak dengan hewan/manusia terinfeksi maupun dari makanan, minuman dan air yang terkontaminasi. Sumber air yang terkontaminasi ookista Cryptosporidium dapat menyebabkan wabah diare. Minimnya fasilitas pengolahan air limbah di Jakarta mengakibatkan pencemaran yang terjadi di badan-badan air, bahkan badan sungai yang diperuntukkan sebagai bahan baku air bersih telah tercemar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi keberadaan Cryptosporidium sp. pada air sungai Ciliwung. Pada penelitian ini digunakan 7 sampel air sungai Ciliwung. Pemeriksaan dilakukan dengan metode mikroskopis pewarnaan modifikasi Ziehl Neelsen (mZN), auramin fenol (AF), Immunofluorescent Assay (IFA) dan metode molekuler Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) untuk deteksi ookista Cryptosporidium. Enumerasi ookista dilakukan dengan metode IFA. Penilaian terhadap viabilitas ookista, dilakukan dengan penambahan larutan 4’-6-diamidino2-phenylindole (DAPI) pada metode IFA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ookista Cryptosporidium sp. ditemukan pada aliran sungai Ciliwung bagian hulu dan hilir. Kontaminasi ookista Cryptosporidium menunjukkan kontaminasi lebih tinggi pada bagian hilir. Penilaian viabilitas ookista Cryptosporidium sp. menunjukkan ookista Cryptosporidium pada air sungai Ciliwung bagian hilir bersifat viabel, menunjukkan bahwa ookista bersifat infeksius. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah air sungai Ciliwung bagian hilir dan hulu terkontaminasi oleh Cryptosporidium sp. dan berpotensi sebagai sumber infeksi kriptosporidiosis.
Kata kunci : Cryptosporidium, air sungai, Immunofluorescent assay


Cryptosporidium sp. is an intracellular protozoa parasite that cause diarrhea. Infection may occurs due to swollen Cryptosporidium oocyst through direct contact with infected human/animal or eating and drink contaminated food or water. Contaminated water supply with Cryptosporidium oocyst may cause diarrhea outbreak. Poor waste water treatment facilities in Jakarta become the main cause of water contamination, even in the river that was designated for clean water reservoir. The aim of this study is to evaluate the Cryptosporidium sp. existence in Ciliwung river water. This study used 7 samples of Ciliwung river water. Microscopic examination using modified Ziehl-Neelsen (mZN), auramin phenol staining (AF), Immunofluorescent Assay (IFA) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed to detect Cryptosporidium oocyst. Oocyst enumeration was done by the IFA method. Assessment of oocyst viability, performed by addition of 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) solution to IFA method. The results showed that Cryptosporidium oocyst found in upstream and downstream of Ciliwung river water. Contamination of Cryptosporidium oocysts shows higher contamination in downstream river. Assessment of the viability of Cryptosporidium sp. oocyst showed that Cryptosporidium oocysts in the downstream Ciliwung river water is viable, suggesting that oocysts are infectious. It can be concluded that upstream and downstream of Ciliwung river water are contaminated with Cryptosporidium sp. and potential as a source of cryptosporidiosis infection.
Keywords: Cryptosporidium, river water, Immunofluorescent assay