Skripsi

Pengaruh ekstrak daun tua tanaman sereh dapur (Cymbopogon citratus (DC) stapf) terhadap kematian larva nyamuk demam berdarah dengue Aedes aegypti = The effect of old leaf extract of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) stapf against the mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae.

Cymbopogon citratus dikenal sebagai sereh dapur yang merupakan tanaman obat dan mengandung minyak atsiri dengan zat aktif saponin dan tannin yang berpotensi sebagai larvasida nyamuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efek dari larvasida ekstrak daun tua C. citratus terhadap kematian larva instar III-IV Aedes aegypti. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah eksperimen. Terdapat kelompok kontrol (tanpa menggunakan ekstrak) dan kelompok perlakuan dengan konsentrasi ekstrak yakni 0,01%, 0,02%, 0,04%, 0,06%, dan 0,08%. Ekstrak dibuat dari daun tua C. citratus dengan pelarut etil asetat. Pada jam ke-24, angka mortalitas larva berbeda bermakna di setiap konsentrasi pada kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan dengan kontrol (p kurang dari 0,05). Angka mortalitas tertinggi pada konsentrasi ekstrak 0,06–0,08%. Terdapat korelasi positif antara konsentrasi dengan jumlah larva yang mati (r=0,848, p=0,000, CI95%=194,7–343,7). Pengaruh ekstrak tersebut berbeda bermakna di setiap konsentrasi (p kurang dari 0,05). Pengaruh ekstrak terhadap larva sampai jam ke-48 berbeda bermakna di setiap konsentrasi (p kurang dari 0,05). Konsentrasi letal 50% (LC50) dan 90% (LC90) pada jam ke-24 adalah 0,013% dan 0,029%. Pengaruh ekstrak terhadap morfologi larva; lebih pucat, ukuran mengecil (kurang dari 4 mm), dan terdapat kerusakan pada bulu siphon dan spirakel. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan ekstrak daun tua C. citratus memiliki efek larvasida terhadap larva Ae. aegypti hingga 48 jam dengan target traktus digestivus dan respiratorius larva.

Kata kunci: larva Ae. aegypti, ekstrak daun tua C. citratus, konsentrasi letal 50% dan 90%




Cymbopogon citratus is known as a lemongrass which is a medicinal plant and contains essential oils with saponin and tannin active substances that have the potential effect as mosquito larvicides. This study aims to examine the effects of larvicide of old C. citratus leaf extract on the death of instar III–IV Aedes aegypti larvae. The design of this study is experimental. There were control group (without extract) and intervention group with extract concentration; 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.06%, and 0.08%. The extract is made from the old leaves of C. citratus with an ethyl acetate solvent. At 24 hours, the mortality rate of larvae was significantly different in each concentration in the intervention group compared with the control group (p less than 0.05). The highest mortality rate was at the highest extract concentration; 0.06% and 0.08%. There was a positive correlation between concentration and the number of dead larvae (r=0.848, p=0.000, CI95%=194.7–343.7). The effect of extract was significantly different in each concentration (p less than 0.05). The effect of extract on larvae to 48 hours was significantly different at each concentration (p less than 0.05). Lethal concentrations of 50% (LC50) and 90% (LC90) at 24 hours were 0.013% and 0.029%. Effect of extract on larval morphology: more pale, reduced in size (less than 4 mm), and there was damage to the siphon and spiracles. This study concluded that the old leaf extract of C. citratus had larvicidal effect on Ae. aegypti larvae up to 48 hours with the target of the extract being the digestive and respiratory tract of the larvae.

Keywords: Ae. aegypti larvae, lethal concentration 50% and 90%, old leaf extract of C. citratus