Tesis

Pengaruh Latihan Tai Chi Terhadap Koordinasi Anggota Gerak Pada Usia Lanjut = The Effect of Tai Chi Exercises on Coordination of Upper and Lower Extremity in the Elderly.

LATAR BELAKANG. Koordinasi dan kontrol postur penting untuk usia lanjut dalam melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari dan mencegah jatuh. Latihan yang bersifat meningkatkan keseimbangan dan koordinasi seperti Tai Chi dapat mengurangi risiko jatuh pada usia lanjut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai pengaruh latihan Tai Chi terhadap koordinasi anggota gerak atas dan koordinasi anggota gerak bawah pada usia lanjut. METODE. Uji klinis acak terkontrol terhadap subjek usia lanjut diatas 60 tahun pada panti sosial Tresna Werdha 1 dibagi dalam kelompok perlakuan (edukasi dan latihan Tai Chi) dan kelompok kontrol (edukasi). Intervensi dilakukan selama 10 minggu. Dilakukan pemeriksaan koordinasi sebelum pada mulai penelitian dan pada minggu kesepuluh. Koordinasi anggota gerak atas dievaluasi menggunakan Soda Pop Coordination Test. Koordinasi anggota gerak bawah dievaluasi menggunakan Lower Extremity Motor Coordination Test (LEMOCOT). HASIL. Pada kelompok perlakuan, sesudah penelitian didapatkan penurunan bermakna rerata durasi melakukan uji Soda Pop Coordination Test (p = 0.000) dan peningkatan bermakna rerata jumlah titik yang disentuh dalam uji LEMOCOT (p = 0.003). Perbedaan nilai (delta) pada kedua kelompok didapatkan pada kelompok perlakuan terdapat penurunan nilai Soda Pop Coordination Test (0.016) dan peningkatan pada nilai LEMOCOT (0.000) dibandingkan kontrol. KESIMPULAN. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada peningkatan koordinasi anggota gerak dan koordinasi anggota gerak bawah atas pada usia lanjut yang diberi latihan Tai Chi dan edukasi dibandingkan usia lanjut dengan edukasi tanpa latihan Tai Chi yang dinilai menggunakan Soda Pop dan LEMOCOT.
KATA KUNCI : Usia lanjut Tai Chi, koordinasi, latihan.


BACKGROUND. Coordination and posture control is an important element for the elderly, not only to perform daily activities but also avoiding the risk of falling. Exercises that enhance balance and coordination such as Tai Chi can reduce the risk of falling in old age. This study aims to assess the effect of Tai Chi exercises on the coordination of upper limbs and the coordination of lower limbs in elderly persons. METHOD. Controlled randomized clinical trials of elderly subjects over 60 years in the social home Tresna Werdha 1 were divided into treatment groups (educational and Tai Chi exercises) and control groups (education). Intervention was conducted for 10 weeks. The coordination tests were performed prior to the start of the study and in the tenth week. The coordination of upper extremity was evaluated using Soda Pop Coordination Test. The lower extremity coordination is evaluated using Lower Extremity Motor Coordination Test (LEMOCOT). RESULTS. In the treatment group, after the study there was a significant decrease in the mean duration of the Soda Pop Coordination Test (p = 0.000) test and the significant increase of the number of points touched in the LEMOCOT test (p = 0.003). The difference of values (delta) in both groups was obtained in the treatment group, there was a decrease in the Soda Pop Coordination Test (0.016) and the increase in LEMOCOT value (0.000) compared to the control. All of these values are statistically significant. CONCLUSION. There was a significant difference in the improvement of upper extremity coordination and lower extremity coordination in elderly who were given Tai Chi training and education compared to old age with non-Tai Chi training education assessed using Soda Pop and LEMOCOT.
KEYWORDS: Elderly, Tai Chi. Coordination. Exercise.