Tesis

Hubungan pemberian seng profilaksis terhadap kejadian infeksi respiratori akut (IRA) pada balita = Correlation of zinc as prophylactic incidence of acute respiratory infectionsin infants .

Latar Belakang. Infeksi respiratori akut (IRA) merupakan penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas anak terutama balita di negara bekembang.Bronkiolitis dan pneumonia merupakan IRA yang paling sering menyebabkan kematian.Seng (zinc) berperan utama pada system imunitas tubuh manusia, baik imunitas nonspesifik maupun spesifik, serta selular dan humoral.Dengan demikian, pemberian suplementasi seng sebagai pencegahan (profilaksis) diperkirakan dapat menurunkan insidens, frekuensi episode dan durasi episode IRA pada anak. Tujuan. Mengetahui peranan pemberian seng profilaksis terhadap insidens, frekuensi episode, durasi (lama) episode dan rerata durasi episode IRA pada balita. Metode. Dilakukan penelitian uji klinis acak terkontrol (randomized controlled trial = RCT), dengan acak tersamar ganda (double blind randomized) kepada 160 orang balita dari Desember 2016 hingga April 2017 di Rumah Sakit Dr. WahidinSudirohusodo, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan. Subyek terbagi atas 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok seng dan plasebo, dengan subyek pada kelompok seng diberikan suplemen seng 10 mg/hari selama 2 minggu, kemudian di pantau tanda dan atau gejala IRA selama 4 bulan. Hasil. Sebanyak 160 orang subyek berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini, terbagi dalam kelompok seng 79 subyek (49.4%) dan plasebo 81 subyek (50.6%). Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik pada insidens IRA antara kelompok seng dengan plasebo, 38.8% vs 44.4%. (p= 0.406), demikian juga pada frekuensi episode IRA tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna yaitu rerata 1.20 kali episode pada kelompok seng, dan rerata 1.19 kali episode pada kelompok plasebo. Pemberian seng secara bermakna berhubungan dengan rerata durasi episode IRA pada kelompok seng dan plasebo 5,28 hari vs 6,28 hari, (p= 0.05). Pemberian seng berhubungan bermakna dengan durasi IRA kurang dari 5 hari yaitu 63.3% pada kelompok seng dan 38.9% pada kelompok plasebo. (p= 0.04). Kesimpulan. Suplemen seng secara bermakna berhubungan dengan durasi (lama) episode dan rerata episode IRA yang lebih singkat, namun tidak berhubungan dengan insidens dan frekuensi episode IRA
Kata kunci : Seng profilaksis, infeksi respiratori akut, balita.


Background. Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children, particularly under 5 years old, in developing countries. Bronchiolitis and pneumonia are the most common cause of death.Zinc has a major role in the human immune system, both in non-specific and specific immunities, cellular and humoral immunity.Administration of zinc as prophylacticmay decrease incidence, episode frequency, duration and average durationof ARI in children. Objectives. To determine the role of prophylactic zinc for incidence, episode frequency, duration and average duration episodes of ARI in children under 5 years old. Methods. A randomized controlled trial (RCT), double blind randomizedstudy was performed in 160 infants, from December 2016 to April 2017 in Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital. Makassar, South Sulawesi. Subject ware classified into two groups, zinc group and placebo group.In zinc group, subjects were given 10 mg/day zinc for 2 weeks then being followed up forsign and symptoms of ARI for four mounts. Results. One hundred and sixty infants participatedin the study and were divided into zinc group (79 subjects) and placebogroup(81 subjects). There was no statistically significant difference in incidence of ARI between both groups. (38.8% in zinc group) and(44.4% in placebo group), (p = 0.406). Therewas also no significant difference in frequencyepisodes of ARI between both groups (1.2 episodes inzinc group and 1.19 episodes in placebo group). While, average of durationofARI, in zinc and placebo group was statistically significant5,28 and 6,28 day,respectively.(p = 0.05). Administration of zinc was also significantly related to shorter duration of ARI(less than 5 days) (63.3% in zinc group) and (38.9% in placebo group), (p = 0.04). Conclusion. Zinc as prophylactic is significantly correlated duration and averageduration of ARI. On the other hand, no signification correlation is found between zinc prophylactic and incidence and frequency episode of ARI also frequency episodes.
Keywords. Zinc, Acute respiratory infection, children.