Tesis

Skrining Risiko Malnutrisi dan Kejadian Malnutrisi Rumah Sakit pada Anak di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang = Malnutrition Risk Screening and Prevalence of Hospital Malnutrition in Departement of Child Health Dr. M. Djamil Hospital Padang.

Latar belakang: Anak yang dirawat di rumah sakit berisiko tinggi mengalami malnutrisi rumah sakit (MRS). Skrining nutrisi pediatrik membantu mengidentifikasi anak dengan risiko MRS. Tujuan: mengetahui prevalens MRS, skor risiko malnutrisi, dan sebaran status gizi pada anak yang dirawat di RSUP Dr.M. Djamil. Metode: Penelitian kohort prospektif dilaksanakan dari November 2013 sampai Januari 2014 pada pasien rawat inap di Bagian Anak RS Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Penentuan status gizi, skor risiko malnutrisi, dan pelaksanaan asuhan nutrisi dilakukan pada semua subyek, sedangkan penilaian prevalens MRS dilakukan pada subyek yang dirawat ≥7 hari, dan dinilai hubungan MRS dengan jenis kelamin, umur, status gizi, penyakit dasar dan jumlah diagnosis. Hasil: Subyek berjumlah 113 orang, 45,1% dengan status gizi kurang-buruk, median umur 36 bulan (1-168 bulan), median lama rawat 7 hari (3-47 hari) dimana 52,2% subyek dirawat ≥7 hari. Berdasarkan STRONG-kids dimodifikasi didapatkan 23,9% subyek dengan risiko ringan, 61,9% risiko sedang dan 14,2% risiko tinggi. Prevalens MRS pada penelitian ini adalah 25,4%.(15 dari 59 subyek). Umur dan jumlah diagnosis berhubungan bermakna dengan prevalens MRS. Kesimpulan: Prevalens malnutrisi rumah sakit di Bagian Anak RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang cukup tinggi, perlu dilakukan upaya untuk menurunkannya dimulai dari skrining risiko malnutrisi.
Kata kunci: malnutrisi rumah sakit, skrining risiko malnutrisi


Background: Children requiring hospitalization are at higher risk for hospital malnutrition (HM). Pediatric nutritional risk screening helps to promptly identify children who are at risk of malnutrition. Objective: To identify the prevalence of hospital malnutrition, malnutrition risk score and nutrition status profile in Department of Child Health Dr. M. Djamil Hospital, Padang. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in children who were hospitalized in Department of Child Health Dr. M. Djamil Hospital. We performed anthropometric measurement and nutritional status evaluation, nutritional risk screening, and applied pediatric nutrition care to all children. We assessed the prevalence of HM at patient who hospitalized ≥7 days and its relationship with associating factors. Results: One hundred and thirteen children were hospitalized November 2013 and January 2014 at our pediatric ward, 45.1% of them were malnourished. Median age was 36 months (1-68 months), median length of stay was 7 days (1-47days) and 52.2% were hospitalized for ≥7 days. According to the modified STRONG-kids, 23.9% children were at low risk, 61.9% at moderate risk and 14.2% at high risk. Prevalence of HM was 25.4% (15 from 59 subjects). Age and multiple diagnoses have a significant relationship with hospital malnutrition. Conclusion: The prevalence of hospital malnutrition in children at Dr. M. Djamil Hospital Padang was high. There is a need to lower that rate which began with nutritional screening.
Key words: hospital malnutrition, nutritional screening.