Tesis

Prevalens Kelainan Obstruksi Saluran Napas pada Pekerja Pabrik Besi Baja PT.X Banten = The Prevalence of Airway Obstruction Disorders for X-Workers of The Iron Steel Company in Banten.

Pendahuluan: Proses industri banyak menghasilkan limbah industri yang pada akhirnya dapat berdampak terhadap kesehatan, salah satunya adalah polusi udara yang berdampak terhadap kesehatan respirasi. Industri pengolah besi banyak dihubungkan dengan penyakit paru. Banyak komponen dari pengolahan besi yang dapat berpotensi mempengaruhi paru meskipun setiap individu akan merespons secara berbeda bila terkena debu dan gas. Salah satu cara untuk menilai dampak respirasi yaitu dengan menilai keluhan dan faal paru khususnya kelainan obstruksi dari para pekerja pabrik tersebut. Sehingga diperlukan data mengenai profil keluhan respirasi dan kelainan obstruksi saluran napas pada pekerja pabrik besi baja serta mengetahui faktor-faktor apa yang mempengaruhinya. Tujuan: Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai keluhan respirasi dan kelainan obstruksi saluran napas pada pekerja pabrik besi baja di PT. X Banten serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang dilakukan di Medical Check Up RS. Krakatau Medika, Cilegon Banten. Pengambilan sampel dengan consecutive sampling pada pekerja yang telah bekerja ≥ 5 tahun di bagian produksi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara berdasarkan Epidemiology Standardization Project American Thoracic Society (ATS)selanjutnya dilakukan pemeriksaan spirometri. Hasil: Dari 112 subjek, hanya 107 subjek yang masuk kriteria inklusi. Berdasarkan wawancara terhadap subjek serta pengisian kuisioner didapatkan subjek yang mengalami keluhan respirasi sebanyak 22 subjek (20,6%)meliputi batuk kronik 5 subjek, berdahak kronik 1 subjek, sesak napas 15 subjek serta berdahak kronik dan sesak napas 1 subjek. Berdasarkan pemeriksaan faal paru dengan spirometri pada subjek didapatkan kelainan pada 30 subjek (28,1%). Kelainan obstruksi berupa obstruksi ringan ada 2 subjek (1,9%). Kesimpulan: Keluhan respirasi terbanyak adalah sesak napas tanpa disertai mengi dan hal tersebut berbeda dengan penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya yang mendapatkan data bahwa batuk kronik dan berdahak merupakan keluhan respirasi yang terbanyak. Penelitian ini mendapatkan ada hubungan bermakna antara usia, status gizi dan masa kerja dengan keluhan respirasi. Kelainan obstruksi hanya didapatkan pada 2 subjek. Karena prevalens obstruksi hanya sedikit pada penelitian ini sehingga tidak dapat dianalisis lebih lanjut.
Kata kunci: faal paru, obstruksi, besi baja


Introduction: Industry process produces a lot of industry waste which eventually affect human health, for example air pollution that affecting respiratory health. Steel manufacturing industry is correlated with lung diseases. Many components in steel manufacturing have potency affecting lungs although every individual responding to dusts and gasses is different. One of the methods to evaluate respiratory effect is evaluating symptoms and lung function especially airway obstruction disorders from those company workers. Many data of respiratory symptoms and airway obstruction disorders in iron steel company workers and factors affecting them are needed. Objective: This study aims to get information about respiratory symptoms and airway obstruction disorders in X-workers of The Iron Steel Company in Banten as well as factors that affecting them. Method: This study uses cross-sectional study in Medical Check Up Krakatau Medika Hospital Cilegon Banten. Samples obtained using consecutive sampling method in workers who have worked ≥5 years in production section. Sample collection uses interview based on Epidemiology Standardization Project American Thoracic Society (ATS) and continued by spirometry measurement. Result: From total 112 subjects, only 107 subjects included in inclusion criteria. Based on interview and questionnaire on subjects, there are 22 subjects (20.6%)having respiratory symptoms including chronic cough in 5 subjects, chronic sputum production in 1 subject, dyspnea in 15 subjects and having chronic sputum production and dyspnea in 1 subject. Based on lung function measurement with spirometry, there are 30 subjects (28.1%) having airway disorders. There are mild airways obstruction in 2 subjects (1.9%). Conclusion: The highest respiratory symptoms are dyspnea without wheezing and this finding is different than the previous studies with the result of chronic cough and chronic sputum production as highest respiratory symptoms. This study results in significant relationship among age, nutrition status and working period with respiratory symptoms. Airway obstruction disorders only obtained in 2 subjects. Because of low airway obstruction prevalence in this study, this finding could not be evaluated further.
Keywords: lung function, airway obstruction, iron steel