Skripsi

Dampak Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian dan Hiperaktivitas (GPPH) terhadap Kualitas Tidur Siswa Sekolah Dasar = Correlation Between Sleep Quality and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder on Elementary School Students .

Latar Belakang: Gangguan pemusatan perhatian dan hiperaktivitas (GPPH) adalah kelainan kronik neurobehavioral yang sering terjadi pada anak usia sekolah. Sekitar 8–10% anak usia sekolah menderita GPPH dan sering dihubungkan dengan kondisi medis lain seperti penurunan kualitas tidur, yang pada anak usia sekolah memiliki prevalensi cukup tinggi, yaitu 25%. Pada penelitian di Prancis, 55% anak penderita GPPH juga mengalami gangguan tidur.
Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara GPPH dengan penurunan kualitas tidur anak.
Metode: Studi case-control dilakukan terhadap 386 anak usia sekolah di SDN Kenari 01, 03, dan 05 Pagi, Jakarta. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner Skala Penilaian Perilaku Anak Hiperaktif Indonesia (SPPAHI) yang diisi oleh orang tua dan guru, serta kuesioner Skala Gangguan Tidur untuk Anak (SDSC) yang diisi oleh orang tua pada Januari–Februari 2016.
Hasil: Sebanyak 34 anak (31,5%) dengan GPPH mengalami kualitas tidur tidak baik, sedangkan 74 anak (68,5%) mengalami kualitas tidur baik. Pada kelompok anak tanpa GPPH, sebanyak 37 anak (13,8%) mengalami kualitas tidur tidak baik, sementara 231 anak (86,2%) mengalami kualitas tidur baik. Secara statistik, terdapat hubungan bermakna antara GPPH dengan kualitas tidur (p kurang dari 0,001, uji chi-square) dengan nilai odds ratio = 2,869.
Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara GPPH dengan kualitas tidur anak usia sekolah.

Kata kunci: GPPH, Kualitas tidur, Anak usia sekolah, SPPAHI, SDSC



Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurobehavioral condition that frequently occurs in school-aged children. Approximately 8–10% of school-aged children suffer from ADHD. This condition is often associated with other health issues, such as decreased sleep quality, which has a prevalence of 25% among school-aged children. Studies show that about 55% of children with ADHD also experience sleep disturbances.
Aim: To examine the correlation between ADHD and sleep quality in school-aged children.
Method: A case-control study was conducted involving 387 school-aged children from Kenari 01, 03, and 05 Elementary Schools in Jakarta between July 2015 and May 2016. Data were collected using questionnaires. Parents completed the Skala Penilaian Perilaku Anak Hiperaktif Indonesia (SPPAHI) and the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), while teachers completed the SPPAHI only.
Results: Among children diagnosed with ADHD, 34 (31.5%) had poor sleep quality, while 74 (68.5%) had good sleep quality. In the non-ADHD group, 37 children (13.8%) had poor sleep quality and 231 (86.2%) had good sleep quality. Statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between ADHD and sleep quality (p less than 0.001, Chi-square test), with an odds ratio of 2.869.
Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between ADHD and sleep quality in school-aged children.

Keywords: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Sleep Quality, School-aged Children, SPPAHI, SDSC