Skripsi

Kekerapan Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) pada Balita dan Hubungannya dengan Pengetahuan tentang Praktik Kebiasaan Merokok Ayah = Prevalence of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in Underfive and Its Association with Father’s Knowledge of Smoking Habbit Practice.

Infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA) merupakan masalah kesehatan global terutama di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia, yang menjadi penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas balita.Kebiasaan merokok di sekitar balita masih banyak ditemukan di Indonesia dan merupakan faktor risiko ISPA yang telah diketahui, namun peran pengetahuan ayah tentang praktik kebiasaan merokok dalam kejadian ISPA belum banyak diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan tentang praktik kebiasaan merokok ayah dengan kekerapan ISPA pada balita.Studi ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain cross-sectional.Responden sebanyak 93 orang ayah balita dipilih dari posyandu Kelurahan Kampung Melayu, Kecamatan Jatinegara, Jakarta Timur secara consecutive sampling. Data pengetahuan tentang praktik kebiasaan merokok ayah diperoleh dari kuesioner Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Knowledge dari American Academy of Pediatrics Richmond Center Measurement, sedangkan data kekerapan ISPA didapatkan dari adaptasi kuesioner diagnosis baku ISPA Riskesdas 2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 68% balita menderita ISPA dalam sebulan terakhir, terbanyak pada jenis kelamin perempuan (42%) dan kelompok usia 1-2 tahun (19%). Dua-puluh lima persenayah balita memiliki pengetahuan yang tidak baik tentang praktik kebiasaan merokok, terbanyak pada subyek dengan latar belakang pendidikan S1, pekerjaan karyawan, penghasilan di atas UMR, merokok di dalam rumah, dan jumlah rokok sehari 10-20 batang. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan tentang praktik kebiasaan merokok ayah dengan kekerapan ISPA pada balita (p=0,636). Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan untuk mempertimbangkan faktor risiko lain dalam kejadian ISPA, antara lain crowding, suplementasi vitamin A, berat lahir, dan riwayat imunisasi.
Kata kunci: ISPA, balita, ayah, pengetahuan, praktik kebiasaan merokok.


Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a global health problem especially in developing countries such as Indonesia, which becomes the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in underfive. The habbit of smoking around underfive children is still common in Indonesia and is a risk factor for ARI, yet the role of father’s knowledge of smoking habbit practice in the occurrence of ARI was still unknown. The goal of this study is to investigate the association between father’s knowledge of smoking habbit practice and the prevalence of ARI in underfive children. This study is an analytical observational study with cross-sectional design. 93 respondents were chosen from fathers of underfive attending integrated service post in Kelurahan Kampung Melayu, Kecamatan Jatinegara, East Jakarta by consecutive sampling. Data on father’s knowledge of smoking habbit practice was acquired with the use of Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Knowledge Questionaire adapted from American Academy of Pediatrics Richmond Center Measurement, while formal ARI diagnosis questionnaire from Indonesian basic health survey was utilized to get the data on the prevalence of ARI in underfive. The results of the study show that 68% of underfive children contracted ARI in last one month, mostly girls (42%) and with age of 1-2 years (19%). Twenty-five percent of fathers of underfive had bad knowledge of smoking habbit practice, mostly one with bachelor degree, works as employee, has earning bigger than regional standard, smokes inside house, and smokes 10-20 cigarettes a day. There was no association between father’s knowledge of smoking habbit practice and prevalence of ARI in underfive (p=0.636). More studies need to be conducted to investigate other risk factors of ARI including crowding, vitamin A supplementation, newborn weight, and vaccination history.
Keywords: ARI, underfive, father, knowledge, smoking habbit practice.