Tesis

Diet Quality and Overnutrition among Adolescent School Girls in Central Jakarta, Indonesia = Kualitas Diet dan Kelebihan Gizi pada Pelajar Remaja Putri di Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia.

Background: Overnutrition prevalence among adolescents is increasing and has been associated with their diet quality. This situation may influence their later life and subsquent generation. However, information about overall diet quality toward overnutrition among adolescents is still limited in Indonesia. Objective: To compare diet quality among overnutrition adolescent school girls with the normal nutrition status in Central Jakarta. Method: This comparative study included 220 adolescent school girls with over nutrition and normal nutrition status in Central Jakarta. Structured interview was used to assess subjects’ characteristics. Diet quality score was assessed using Diet Quality Index International, estimated from 2 days non-consecutive 24 hour food recall and qualitative FFQ. Body Mass Index was computed from direct height and weight measurements. Multivariate regression was used to assess the association between diet quality and overnutrition, adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics.

Result: Overnutrition prevalence was 24%. Socio-demographic, lifestyle characteristics and diet quality score of normal and over nourished adolescent school girls were similar. Overnourished adolescent school girls had lower overall balance score, consumed less energy, protein variety, fatty acid ratio and vegetables. The overall balance quality component was associated with overnutrition (p=0.00). Conclusion: Normal nourished had better overall balance quality than overnourished adolescent school girls.
Keywords : diet quality index, nutritional status, adolescent girls, Indonesia.



Latar belakang: Prevalensi kelebihan gizi pada remaja meningkat dan dihubungkan dengan kualitas diet mereka. Keadaan ini akan mempengaruhi kehidupan mereka serta generasi selanjutnya. Data mengenai kualitas diet dan kelebihan gizi masih terbatas di Indonesia Objektif: membandingkan kualitas diet pada pelajar remaja putri yang kelebihan gizi dengan yang normal di Jakarta Pusat. Metode: Penelitian komparatif ini mengikutsertakan 220 pelajar remaja putri dengan status gizi lebih dan normal. Karakteristik dari subjek diperoleh dengan wawancara terstruktur. Skor kualitas diet ditentukan dengan menggunakan Diet Quality Index International, berdasarkan 2 hari non-consecutive food recall 24 Hour dan FFQ kualitatif. Indeks Massa Tubuh diperhitungkan dari pengukuran berat dan tinggi badan. Regresi multivariat digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan kualitas diet dan status kelebihan gizi, dengan mempertimbangkan karakteristik sosio-demografi dan pola hidup. Hasil : Prevalensi kelebihan gizi pada remaja putri di sekolah adalah 24%. Karakteristik sosio-demografi dan pola hidup, dan skor kualitas diet tidak berbeda pada kedua kelompok. Remaja putri dengan kelebihan gizi lebih rendah skor kualitas keseimbangan diet keseluruhan, konsumsi energi, ragam protein, rasio asam lemak dan sayuran. Komponen kualitas keseimbangan diet keseluruhan berkaitan dengan status kelebihan gizi (p=0,00). Kesimpulan: Remaja putri dengan status gizi normal mempunyai komponen kualitas keseimbangan diet keseluruhan lebih baik dibandingkan remaja putri dengan gizi lebih.
Kata kunci : indeks kualitas diet, status gizi, remaja putri, Indonesia.