Tesis

Hubungan Asupan Air Putih, Minuman Berkalori, Total Minuman dan Status Gizi dan Parameter Metabolik pada Remaja Usia 10-15 Tahun = Associations Between Plain Water, Beverages, and Total Fluid Intake with Nutritional Status and Metabolic Parameter in 10-15 Years Old Adolescents

Air minum yang cukup, penting dalam menjaga keseimbangan cairan dalam tubuh. Saat ini, banyak jenis minuman selain air putih yang menarik, mudah didapat, dan terjangkau harganya. Minuman-minuman tersebut merupakan minuman berkalori yang cukup sering dikonsumsi oleh remaja pada umumnya. Kebiasaan minum yang tidak sehat, seperti kurangnya konsumsi air putih dan tingginya konsumsi minuman berkalori, diduga dapat menyebabkan status gizi yang tidak sehat serta gangguan kardiometabolik. Penelitian potong lintang ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan air putih, minuman berkalori, dan total minuman dengan status gizi dan parameter metabolik (lingkar pinggang, tekanan darah, kadar glukosa darah puasa, kolesterol HDL, dan trigliserida). Sebanyak 181 subyek anak sekolah usia 10-15 tahun dipilih secara random dari empat sekolah di wilayah Jakarta Timur. Dilakukan wawancara asupan dengan semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ), pengukuran antropometri, pemeriksaan tekanan darah, pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah puasa, kolesterol HDL, dan trigliserida. Nilai median asupan air putih, minuman berkalori, dan total minuman berturut-turut adalah 1280, 326, dan 1765 mL/hari. Peningkatan asupan air putih 1 ml/hari akan menurunkan kadar glukosa darah puasa sejumlah 0,001 mg/dL (p=0,039, IK 95% -0,002 – 0,000). Sementara, peningkatan 100 mL/hari asupan minuman berkalori akan mengurangi BAZ 0,050 standar deviasi (p=0,004,IK 95% -0,083 – 0,016). Peningkatan asupan minuman berkalori 1 mL/hari juga akan mengurangi ukuran lingkar pinggang sejumlah 0,004 cm (p=0,006, IK 95% -0,007 – -0,001) serta menurunkan kadar kolesterol HDL sejumlah 0,002 mg/dL (p=0,035, IK 95% -0,005 – 0,000). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa jenis dan jumlah minuman, ikut berperan pada status gizi dan beberapa parameter metabolik pada remaja usia 10-15 tahun.
Kata kunci: Asupan air putih, minuman berkalori, total minuman, status gizi, parameter metabolik



Water plays important role in human body, but often overlooked in balanced diet program. Unhealthy drinking habit, as if low plain water intake and high sweetened beverages intake, could cause unhealthy nutritional status and has been taught to cause cardiometabolic disturbances. This condition can occurs from early childhood and develop into noncommunicable

diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Aim of this crosssectional

study is to investigate associations between water and beverages intake with nutritional status and metabolic parameter that constitutes metabolic syndrome. Multistage sampling strategies were done and a total of 181 subjects aged 10-15 years were randomly selected from four public and private schools in east Jakarta, Indonesia. Demographic, physical activity, dietary intake were assessed; anthropometrics and clinical examination were measured; fasting blood glucose and lipid profile were determined. Water and beverages intake were assessed using semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ). Median water, beverages, and total fluid intake were 120, 326, and 1765 mL/day respectively. One milliliter per day increases in water intake will lower fasting blood glucose by 0,001 mg/dL (p=0,039, 95% CI -0,002 – 0,000). Meanwhile 100 mL/day increases in beverages intake will lower BAZ standard deviation by 0,050 (p=0,004, IK 95% -0,083 – 0,016). One milliliter per day increases in beverages intake will also lower waist circumference as much as 0,004 cm (p=0,006, IK 95% -0,007 – -0,001) and lower HDL cholesterol level by 0,002 mg/dL (p=0,035, IK 95% -0,005 – 0,000). In conclusion, type and amount of drinking water consumed may have roles in nutritional status and some metabolic parameters in adolescents aged 10-15 years.
Keywords: Water intake, beverages intake, total fluid intake, nutritional status, metabolic parameters