Tesis

Profil Perilaku Petani Hortikultura Penyemprot Pestisida dan Hubungannya dengan Gangguan Fungsi Paru Obstruksi = Pesticide Sprayed Horticultural Farmers Behavior Profile and Its Relationship with Obstructive Lung Impairment.

Latar Belakang Penggunaan pestisida yang tidak tepat dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya gangguan fungsi paru obstruksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui prevalensi kejadian gangguan fungsi paru obstruksi, profil perilaku petani dan mencari hubungannya dengan gangguan fungsi paru obstruksi. Metode Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional dengan besar sampel 99 orang petani hortikultura penyemprot pestisida yang diambil secara cluster random sampling. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei hingga Juni 2016 di Desa Cibeureum. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan pemeriksaan spirometri. Variabel yang diteliti adalah profil perilaku dalam menyimpan pestisida, sebelum menyemprot pestisida dan penanganan limbah wadah pestisida, intensitas pajanan dengan menggunakan sistem skoring Sulistomo, terdiri dari variabel : jenis tugas kerja, penggunaan alat pelindung diri dan riwayat higiene. Hasil Total prevalensi gangguan fungsi paru obstruksi adalah 18,2%. Profil perilaku dalam menyimpan pestisida, sebelum menyemprot pestisida dan penanganan limbah wadah pestisida masih belum menunjukkan perilaku kerja yang baik dan aman. Proporsi petani dengan nilai intensitas pajanan tinggi sebesar 25,3%. Intensitas pajanan pestisida pada petani hortikultura tidak berhubungan secara bermakna dengan gangguan fungsi paru obstruksi. Profil perilaku petani hortikultura yang meningkatkan risiko gangguan fungsi paru obstruksi adalah : perilaku menyimpan pestisida di dalam rumah (OR suaian: 4,85, IK95% 1,2718,55) dan perilaku tidak memeriksa peralatan sebelum melakukan penyemprotan pestisida (OR suaian: 3,83, IK95% 1,07-13,66). Kesimpulan dan Saran Prevalensi gangguan fungsi paru cukup tinggi serta profil perilaku petani hortikultura meningkatkan risiko terjadinya gangguan fungsi paru obstruksi. Pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala setiap 6 bulan perlu dilakukan terutama bagi petani dengan gangguan fungsi paru.
Kata kunci : gangguan fungsi paru obstruksi, intensitas pajanan pestisida, metode skoring Sulistomo, profil perilaku petani.



Background The improperly used of pesticide could increase the risk of obstructive lung impairment. The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of obstructive lung impairment, farmers behavior profile and its relationship with obstructive lung impairment. Method This study was designed as a cross sectional study with 99 pesticide sprayed horticultural farmers as the respondents taken by cluster random sampling. The study was conducted in May to June 2016 in Cibeureum village.. Data was collected by interview and spirometry examination. Variables studied were exposure intensity using Sulistomo scoring method, consisted of : work task, personal protective equipments usage, habitual personal hygiene, behavior profile of storing pesticides, prior to spraying and handling the pesticide’s empty containers. Results Total prevalence of obstructive lung impairment was 18.2%. Behavior profile of storing pesticides, prior to spraying and handling the pesticides’ empty containers had not represented a picture of safe work practises yet. The proportion of the farmers with high intensity of pesticide exposure was 25.3%. The intensity of pesticide exposure was not significantly related with obstructive lung impairment event. Behavior profile among pesticides sprayed horticultural farmers which increased the risk of obstructive lung impairment event were storing the pesticide at home (adj OR: 4.85, CI95% 1.27-18.55), not checking the equipments prior to spraying pesticides (adj OR : 3.83, CI95% 1.07-13.66). Conclusion Prevalence of obstructive lung impairment was quite high and the pesticide sprayed horticultural farmer behavior profile increased the risk of obstructive lung impairment. Periodical medical examination needs to be done every 6 months, especially farmers with lung impairment.
Key words : behavior profile, intensity of pesticide exposure, obstructive lung impairment, Sulistomo scoring method.