Tesis

Prevalensi Anemia Hemolitik Pada Petani Laki-laki Tanaman Hortikultura Pengguna Pestisida dan Hubungannya dengan Intensitas Pajanan Pestisida Serta Faktor Lainnya = Prevalence of hemolytic anemia among male farmers on non organic horticultural plant and its association with pesticide’s exposure intensity and other related risk factors.

Petani merupakan kelompok kerja terbesar di Indonesia dan penggunaan pestisida semakin meningkat. Cara kerja petani di Desa Gisting Atas dalam penanganan pestisida belum aman dan berisiko bagi kesehatan. Angka anemia pada laki-laki dewasa di provinsi lampung cukup tinggi. Beberapa penelitian dan laporan kasus menemukan adanya hubungan pajanan pestisida dengan kejadian anemia hemolitik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui prevalensi anemia hemolitik dan hubungannya dengan intensitas pajanan pestisida melalui metode skoring, faktor risiko pekerjaan, faktor individu dan faktor cara kerja aman pekerja. Penelitian dilakukan pada September hingga Oktober 2015 di Desa Gisting Atas Kecamatan Gisting, Kabupaten Tanggamus Provinsi Lampung. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional dengan besar sampel 119 orang yang diambil secara purposive consecutive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, pemeriksaan fisik dan pemeriksaan laboratorium darah (darah lengkap, hitung retikulosit dan pemeriksaan apus darah tepi). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi anemia hemolitik sebesar 1,7% (2 dari 119 responden). Analisis dilakukan dengan case series menunjukkan bahwa kedua responden yang mengalami anemia hemolitik memiliki karakteristik skor intensitas pajanan pestisida ≥24, usia >55 tahun, status gizi kurang, masa kerja >40 tahun, lama kerja >60jam/minggu. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang paling dominan secara statistik dalam terjadinya anemia hemolitik akibat pajanan pestisida.
Kata kunci: intensitas pajanan pestisida, metode skoring, case series, anemia hemolitik pada petani hortikultura.



Farmer is the largest worker’s group in Indonesia and the usage of pesticide increase every year. Farmer’s way of working is still unsafe and harmful for their health especialy in handling the pesticide. Prevalence of anemia among adult male in Lampung is high. Several studies and case reports had reported the association between pesticide’s exposure and hemolytic anemia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hemolytic anemia and its association with pesticede’s exposure intensity which measured by scoring method, work related risk factors, individual risk factors and safe work behaviour factors. This study was designed as a cross sectional study with 119 farmers as the respondents taken by purposive consecutive sampling. Study was conducted in September to October 2015 in Gisting Atas village, Gisting Subdistrict, Tanggamus Regency of Lampung. Data was collected by interview, physical examination and laboratoric blood examination (complete blood count, reticulocyte, and peripheral blood smear). The results showed that 1.7 % respondents had hemolytic anemia (2 of 199 respondents). Case series analysis was used in this study and showed that two respondents who had hemolytic anemia had pesticide’s exposure intensity score ≥24, age >55 years, under nutrition, work periode > 40 years and working hours >60 hours per week. Further study is required to determine the most dominant risk factor for the occurence of hemolytic anemia due to pesticides exposure.
Keywords: pesticide’s exposure intensity, scoring method, case series, hemolytic anemia in horticultural farmer.