Tesis

Perbandingan kejadian demam pascavaksinasi DTwP-Hep B- Hib antara bayi yang mendapat ASI eksklusif dan susu formula = Comparison of fever following DTwP-HepB-Hib vaccination between exclusively breast-fed and formula-fed infants.

Latar belakang: Demam merupakan salah satu KIPI tersering terutama pascavaksinasi DTwP. Bayi yang mendapat ASI eksklusif memperoleh faktor antiinflamasi dan imunomodulator dari ASI yang secara teoritis dapat menurunkan risiko demam pascavaksinasi, namun belum ada penelitan di Indonesia yang menghubungkan pemberian ASI dengan kejadian demam pascavaksinasi.

Tujuan: Membandingkan kejadian demam pascavaksinasi DTwP-Hep B-Hib antara bayi yang mendapat ASI eksklusif dan susu formula Metode: Penelitian potong lintang pada bayi usia kurang dari 6 bulan yang mendapat vaksinasi DTwP-Hep B-Hib di Puskesmas di daerah Jakarta Utara dan Jakarta Timur pada bulan Juli-September 2015.

Hasil: Subyek penelitian ini terdiri atas 65 subyek kelompok ASI eksklusif dan 68 kelompok susu formula. Median usia kedua kelompok 3 bulan, sebagian besar mendapat DTP pertama dan memiliki status gizi baik. Terdapat perbedaan proporsi demam antara kelompok ASI eksklusif dan susu formula, yaitu 27% dan 45% (p=0,045). Median awitan demam kelompok ASI dan susu formula masingmasing

6 jam (p=0,829), sedangkan median lama demam kelompok ASI 7 jam dan susu formula 6 jam (p=0,947). Rerata suhu tertinggi kelompok ASI 37,5 C dan susu formula 37,8 0 C (p=0,165). Sebagian besar subyek demam pada suhu 38,0-38,5 0 C (72% pada kelompok ASI dan 66% kelompok susu formula, p=0,97). Simpulan: Proporsi demam pascavaksinasi DTwP-Hep B-Hib pada bayi yang mendapat ASI eksklusif lebih rendah dibanding susu formula. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna awitan, lama demam, dan suhu tertinggi pascavaksinasi antara kelompok ASI dan susu formula.
Kata kunci : vaksinasi, demam, ASI


Background: Fever is one of the most common adverse events following vaccination, especially DTwP vaccine. Babies who are exclusively breastfed received anti-inflammatory factors and immunomodulator consisted in breastmilk which theoretically can reduce the risk of fever after vaccination. There is no research in Indonesia concerning breastfeeding in association with postvaccination fever.

Objective: To compare the fever following DTwP-HepB-Hib vaccine between exclusively breast-fed and formula-fed infants Methods: A cross-sectional study in infants younger than 6 months who received DTwP-Hep B-Hib vaccinations in North Jakarta and East Jakarta primary health care in July-September 2015. Results: The subjects consisted of 65 exclusively breast-fed infants and 68 formula-fed infants. The median age of both groups were 3 months, most of them received the first DTP vaccines and had good nutritional status. There were differences in the proportion of fever among infants who were being exclusively breast-fed and formula-fed, 27% and 45%, respectively (p 0.045). Median onset of fever for each groups was 6 hours (p 0.829), whereas the median duration of fever for exclusively breast-fed infants was 7 hours and formula-fed infants was 6 hours (p 0.947). The peak of mean temperature for breast-fed and formula-fed infants was 37,5 0 C and 37,8 0 C, respectively (p 0.165). Most subjects experienced fever at 38,0-38,5 0 C (72% in the breast-fed groups and 66% in the formula-fed groups, p 0.97). Conclusions: The proportion of fever following DTwP-Hep B-Hib vaccine in breast-fed infants is lower than formula-fed infants. There were no significant differences in onset, duration of fever, and highest temperature after vaccination between exclusively breast-fed and formula-fed infants.
Keywords: vaccination, fever, breastfeeding