Tesis

Korelasi Asupan Serat dengan Jumlah Bifidobacterium Usus Ibu Hamil Trimester Ketiga = Correlation between Dietary Fiber Intake with Intestinal Bifidobacterium in Third Trimester of Pregnancy.

Bifidobacterium merupakan salah satu mikrobiota yang memberikan manfaat bagi kesehatan manusia termasuk pada kehamilan, dan penting pada proses kolonisasi mikrobiota usus bayi baru lahir. Jumlah Bifidobacterium usus pada dewasa relatif stabil, namun belum diketahui jumlahnya pada ibu hamil trimester ketiga, terutama di Indonesia. Asupan makanan termasuk serat dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan Bifidobacterium, termasuk serat. Stimulasi serat terhadap pertumbuhan Bifidobacterium dapat berupa stimulasi langsung sebagai prebiotik, atau secara tidak langsung sebagai substrat yang dapat difermentasi dan menurunkan pH kolon dan meningkatkan enzim intestinal alkaline phospatase (IAP). Dua mekanisme terakhir secara tidak langsung menurunkan jumlah bakteri patogen sehingga jumlah Bifidobacterium meningkat. Penelitian potong lintang di seluruh Puskesmas Kecamatan di Jakarta Timur pada bulan Maret-Juni 2015 dilakukan untuk menilai korelasi asupan serat dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium usus ibu hamil trimester ketiga. Lima puluh dua subjek menyelesaikan prosedur penelitian. Asupan serat dinilai dengan Food Frequency Questionnaire semikuantitatif, dan kuantifikasi Bifidobacterium dengan real time PCR. Nilai asupan serat adalah 18,9 (5,6–43,0) g/hari, dan 92,3% subjek tidak memenuhi AKG. Jumlah Bifidobacterium usus adalah 7,7 (5,12–9,50) log sel/g feses. Tidak terdapat korelasi bermakna (p >0,05) antara asupan serat total, serat larut dan tidak larut, dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium usus (r = 0,223; r = 0,245; r = 0,2).
Kata Kunci: Asupan serat, Bifidobacterium usus, ibu hamil, trimester ketiga



Bifidobacterium is one of the beneficial microbiota in human health, including in pregnancy and important for first intestinal microbiota colonization in newborn. The number of intestinal Bifidobacterium in adults is relatively stable, but still unknown in the third trimester of pregnancy, especially in Indonesia. Dietary intake is one of the factors influencing the growth of Bifidobacterium, including dietary fiber. Dietary fiber stimulation act directly as a prebiotic, or indirectly as a fermentation substrate that promote the decreasing of colonic pH, and increasing intestinal alkaline phospatase (IAP) enzyme, resulting a decrease of the amount of pathogenic microbiota. A cross-sectional study in all district public health care in the East Jakarta, March until June 2015 was performed to assess the correlation between dietary fiber intake and the amount of intestinal Bifidobacterium in third trimester of pregnancy women. Fifty-two subjects completed the study procedures. Dietary fiber intake was assessed using semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire, and instestinal Bifidobacterium was quantified using real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (rPCR). Dietary fiber intake in this study was 18.9 (5.6–43.0) g/day and 92.3% subjects did not meet the Dietary Reference Intake. The intestinal Bifidobacterium count is 7.7 (5.12–9.50) log cell/g faeces. The results show that there is no significant correlation (p > 0.05) between dietary fiber, dietary soluble fiber, and dietary insoluble fiber intake with the amount of intestinal Bifidobacterium in third trimester of pregnancy (r = 0.223; r = 0.245; r = 0.2).
Key words: Dietary fiber intake, intestinal Bifidobacterium, pregnancy, third trimester