Skripsi

Perbedaan Kondisi Psikologis Mahasiswa Selama Praktikum Anatomi dengan Menggunakan Amonium Karbonat 10% dan 20% = The Differences in Student’s Psychological Condition During Practical Anatomy With 10% dan 20% Ammonium Carbonate.

Mahasiswa kedokteran sering terpapar formalin akibat penggunaannya sebagai bahan pengawet utama sediaan praktikum anatomi. Kegiatan pembelajaran di laboratorium anatomi juga diketahui mempengaruhi kondisi psikologis mahasiswa, seperti menimbulkan rasa takut, ansietas, tidak tega, dan stress/tertekan. Penelitian Kawamata dan Kodera (2004) menunjukkan bahwa kadar formalin di udara dan pada kadaver dapat dikurangi dengan menggunakan amonium karbonat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kondisi psikologis mahasiswa selama mengikuti praktikum anatomi dengan menggunakan ammonium karbonat 10% dan 20%. Segera setelah perlakuan kondisi psikologis positif dan negatif mahasiswa dinilai melalui modifikasi kuesioner Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), dengan hasil output berupa perhitungan skor. Pada perlakuan pertama, sediaan praktikum anatomi disemprot dengan ammonium karbonat 10%, sedangkan pada perlakuan kedua sediaan praktikum anatomi disemprot dengan ammonium karbonat 20%. Sebanyak 62 mahasiswa laki-laki dan 119 mahasiswa perempuan dari Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia (FKUI) dilibatkan dalam studi kuasi eksperimental ini. Responden ratarata berusia 18,6±0,7 tahun. Berdasarkan uji Wilcoxon tidak ditemukan perbedaan rerata bermakna antara skor kondisi psikologis positif mahasiswa selama mengikuti praktikum anatomi dengan menggunakan ammonium karbonat 10% maupun 20% (p>0,05). Sementara skor kondisi psikologis negatif mahasiswa menunjukkan perbedaan rerata yang bermakna (p=0,003). Skor kondisi psikologis mahasiswa ini tidak berhubungan dengan jenis kelamin dan usia (p>0,005).
Kata kunci: kondisi psikologis, mahasiswa, praktikum anatomi, ammonium karbonat 10%, ammonium karbonat 20%


Medical students are often exposed to formaldehyde due to its use as the primary preservative solution for anatomy preparation. Learning activities in the anatomy lab is also known to affect the psychological condition of students, such as fear, anxiety, guilty, and stress. A study by Kawamata and Kodera (2004) showed that the level of formaldehyde in the air and on cadavers can be reduced by using ammonium carbonate. This study aimed to determine the differences in the psychological condition of the students during practical anatomy using 10% and 20% ammonium carbonate. Immediately after intervention, students positive and negative psychological condition were assessed with a modified Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) questionnaire, with total score as the output. In the first intervention, anatomy preparations were sprayed with 10% ammonium carbonate, while in the second intervention the anatomy preparations were sprayed with 20% ammonium carbonate. A total of 62 male students and 119 female students of the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia (FMUI) were involved in this quasi-experimental study. Respondents had age average of 18.6 ± 0.7 years. Based on the Wilcoxon test, there was no significant mean difference between the scores of students’ positive psychological condition during the practical anatomy using 10% and 20% ammonium carbonate (p> 0.05). While the negative psychological condition score of students showed a significant mean difference (p = 0.003). This scores is not related to gender and age (p> 0.005).
Keywords: psychological conditions, students, practical anatomy, 10% ammonium carbonate, 20% ammonium carbonate