Disertasi

Potensi antioksidan fraksi semi polar dan polar sari bawang putih (allium sativum L)mengurangi nefrotoksisitas pb pada tikus. = THE ANTIOXIDANT POTENCY OF SEMI POLAR AND POLAR OF GARLIC EXTRACT (Allium sativum L.) TO REDUCE LEAD NEPHROTOXICITY IN RATS.

Keracunan Pb merupakan masalah kesehatan dunia dan environmental disease utama. Untuk mengatasi akumulasi Pb dalam tubuh, pengurangan nefrotoksisitas Pb sangat penting dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari kemungkinan penggunaan .bawang putih (Allium sativum L) mengurangi nefrotoksisitas Pb. Untuk itu, didesain penelitian rancangan acak lengkap, terhadap 20 ekor tikus putih jantan, galur Wistar. Digunakan bawang merah (Allium asca/onicum) sebagai pembanding. Kelompok kontrol (I), diberi 1 mL aquades/100 9 BB/hari selama 31 hari; Kelompok 11 diberi air dengan jumlah yang sama selama 15 hari, dan pad a hari ke 16 diberi Pb asetat 20 mg/100 9 BB/hari selama 16 hari. Kelompok III dan IV, masing-masing diberi sari bawang merah dan sari bawang putih, 1 g/100 9 BB/hari selama 15 hari, dan pada hari ke 16, 30 menit sesudahnya diberi Pb asetat 20 mg/100 9 BB/hari selama 16. Kadar ureum dan kreatinin plasma sebagai parameter fungsi ginjal. Kadar ureum plasma antar kelompok perlakuan tidak berbeda bermakna (p > O,05). Sebaliknya, kadar kreatinin plasma kelompok 11 meningkat bermakna (p < ,05), kelompok III dan IV menurun bermakna (p < O,05). Dengan demikian, bawang merah dan bawang putih berpotensi mengurangi nefrotoksisitas Pb. Pada nefrotoksisitas Pb, Pb ginjal meningkat dan terjadi stres oksidatif. Bawang putih digunakan secara luas sebagai bahan alam berkhasiat obat, sehingga dipelajari potensi dan mekanisme proteksinya terhadap nefrotoksisitas Pb. Desain penelitian, jumlah dan jenis tikus sama. Kelompok kontrol (I), diberi 0,1 mg CMC/100 9 BB/hari, selama 31 hari. Kelompok 11, diberi CMC dengan jumlah yang sama selama 15 hari, dan pada hari ke 16 diberi Pb asetat 20 mg/100 9 BB/hari selama 16 hari. Kelompok III dan IV, masing- masing diberi sari bawang putih dalam fraksi semi polar dan polar, 1 g/100 9 BB/ha ri, selama 15 hari, dan pad a hari ke 16, 30 menit sebelumnya diberi Pb asetat 20 mg/1 00 9 BB/hari selama 16. Mekanisme proteksi bawang putih diteliti dengan mengukur kandungan Pb, senyawa bergugus SH, MDA dan OH' jaringan ginjal. Pada kelompok 11, kandungan Pb meningkat bermakna (p < 0,05) mengakibatkan penurunan kadar senyawa bergugus SH bermakna (p < 0,05). Sementara itu, kadar OH' dan MDA meningkat bermakna (p < 0,05). Sebaliknya kelompok III dan IV, kadar Pb menurun bermakna (p < 0,05) dan kadar senyawa bergugus SH meningkat bermakna (p < 0,05). Sementara itu, kadar OH" dan MDA menurun bermakna (p < O,05). Pengurangan nefrotoksisitas Pb terlihat dari penurunan bermakna kadar kreatinin plasma (p < 0,05). Hasil uji in vitro, daya khelat senyawa bergugus SH sari bawang putih sebanding dengan kadar senyawa bergugus SH. Dengan demikian, terbukti potensi antioksidan fraksi semi polar dan polar sari bawang putih mengurangi nefrotoksisitas Pb.
Kata-kata kunci: antioksidan, fraksi semi polar sari bawang putih, fraksi polar polar sari bawang puitih, nefrotoksisitas Pb.



Lead intoxication is a major health problem and environmental disease in the world. To overcome lead accumulation in the body, reducing lead nephrotoxicity is very important. The aim of the research to study the possibility of utilization of garlict (Allium sativum L.) to reduce lead nephrotoxicity. A complete random experimental design was applied using 20 male Wistar rats. The shallot (Allium asca/onicum) to be used as compared. The control group (I) was given 1 mL water/1QOg SW/day continuously for 31 days; group 11 receiving the same amount of water for 15 days, and on the 16th day was given 20 mg lead acetate/1QOg SW/day for 16 days; group III and IV was given each 19/100g SW/day shallot juice and garlic juice for 15 days, and on the 16th day, 30 minutes after was given 20 mg lead acetate/1QOg SW/day for 16 days. The ureum and creatinine plasm level were used as parameter of renal function. The results showed there was no significant differences in ureum level between the groups. But there was significantly increasing creatinine level (p < 0,05) in group 11, decreasing significantly (p < 0,05) in group III and IV. It means that garlic and shallot having potency to reduce lead nephrotoxicity. In lead nephrotoxicity there are an increase of lead accumulation and suppose oxidative sress occured. Garlic has been used widely as herbal midicine, that's why it is important to study it's potency and protection mechanism to reduce lead nephrotoxicity. In this study, the same research design and test animal was used. The control group (I) was given 0,1 mg CMC/100g SW/day continuously for 31 days; group 11 receiving the same amount of CMC for 15 days, and on the 16th day was given 20 mg lead acetate/1QOg SW/day for 16 days; group III and IV was given each 19/100g SW/day polar and semipolar of garlic extract for 15 days, and on the 16th day, 30 minutes after was given 20 mg lead acetate/100g SW/day for 16 days. The protection mechanism of garlic was determined by measuring the concentration of lead, SH compound, OH· and MDA in the kidney tissue. The results showed that in group 11 the lead increased significantly (p < 0,05), ultimately decreased of SH compound significantly (p < 0,05). The OH· and MDA level increased significantly (p < 0,05). But in group III and IV the lead level decreased significantly (p < 0,05), SH compound increased significantly (p < 0,05), the OH· and MDA level decreased significantly (p < 0,05). The reduction of lead nephrotoxicity could be shown by the decreasing creatinin plasm significantly (p < 0,05). From the in vitro experiment, it could be shown that the chelating capacity of SH compound in garlic was propotional to the SH compound concentration. The research has proven that the antioxidant potency of semipolar and polar of garlic extract reducing the lead nephrotoxicity.
Key words : antioxidant, semipolar of garlic extract, polar of garlic extract, lead nephrotoxicity.