Tesis

Perbandingan Gambaran Audiogram dan Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhinya Pada Pekerja Yang Terpajan Bising Kontinu dan Bising Intermiten di Industri Alat Berat, Jakarta Utara = The Comparison of Audiograms and Its Contributing Factors On Workers Exposed to Continuous Noise and Intermittent Noise in Heavy Equipment Industry, North Jakarta

Latar belakang: Bising dapat menyebabkan gangguan pendengaran. Selain
intensitas bising, faktor lain yang perlu diperhatikan adalah jenis bising. Jenis bising
yang berbeda akan menyebabkan efek pendengaran yang berbeda pula. Penelitian
ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan gambaran audiogram antara pekerja yang
terpajan bising kontinu dan bising intermiten, serta faktor-faktor yang
mempengaruhinya.
Metode: Penelitian Cross Sectional Comparative dilakukan pada pekerja bagian
fabrication dan assembling di industri alat berat. Data yang diperoleh dari kuesioner
dan rekam medis berupa umur, status pernikahan, masa kerja, kadar gula darah,
tekanan darah, kebiasaan merokok, hobi, dan hasil pemeriksaan audiometri.
Hasil: Dari 167 orang pekerja, terdapat 15 orang (9%) yang mengalami
peningkatan gambaran audiogram. Dari 15 orang pekerja tersebut, 13 orang
(86,7%) terpajan bising kontinu dan 2 orang (13,3%) terpajan bising intermiten.
Pekerja dengan umur > 40 tahun mempunyai risiko peningkatan gambaran
audiogram sebesar lebih dari 4 kali lipat (OR = 4,44, 95% CI = 1,21-16,4, p =
0,016). Mereka yang memiliki masa kerja > 3,9 tahun memiliki risiko lebih tinggi
mengalami gambaran audiogram yang meningkat. Dan mereka yang terpajan bising
kontinu dibandingkan bising intermiten memiliki risiko sebesar hampir 5 kali lipat
mengalami peningkatan gambaran audiogram (OR = 4,73, 95% CI = 1,03-21,7, p
= 0,030).
Kesimpulan: Umur yang tua, masa kerja yang lama, dan pajanan terhadap bising
kontinu meningkatkan risiko terjadinya peningkatan gambaran audiogram pada
pekerja.
Kata kunci: gambaran audiogram, bising kontinu, bising intermiten


Background: Noise may cause hearing disorder. Not only its intensity, the types of
noise are also contributing factors that need to be considered. Different types of
noise may cause different auditory effects. This study aimed to compare the
audiograms between workers who are exposed to continuous noise and intermittent
noise, along with its contributing factors.
Methods: A cross sectional comparative study was conducted on heavy equipment
industry workers in fabrication and assembling department. Data that collected
from questionnaires and medical records were age, marital status, work period,
blood sugar level, blood pressure, smoking habbit, hobby, and the results of
audiometric examination.
Results: : Amongst 167 workers, there were 15 people (9%) who had an increase
of audiogram image. Out of these 15 workers, 13 people (86,7%) exposed to
continuous noise and 2 people (13,3%) exposed to intermittent noise. Workers at
age above 40 had risk more than 4-fold of having an increase of audiogram image
(OR = 4,44, 95% CI = 1,21-16,4, p = 0,016). Those who had work period more than
3,9 years were at high risk in having an increase of audiogram image. And those
who were exposed to continuous noise compare to intermittent noise had risk nearly
5-fold of having an increase of audiogram image (OR = 4,73, 95% CI = 1,03-21,7,
p = 0,030).
Conclusion: Old age, long working period, and exposure of continuous noise
increase risk of an increased audiogram image on workers.
Keywords: audiogram image, continuous noise, intermittent noise