Tesis

Perbandingan prevalensi periodontitis dan karies dentis, serta pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku kesehatan gigi mulut pada ibu hamil yang mengalami persalinan preterm dengan ibu bersalin spontan di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Cipto Mangunkusumo = Comparison of the prevalence of periodontitis and dental caries and knowledge, attitude and behavior about oral health between women with preterm labor and spontaneous labor in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital

Latar Belakang
Persalinan preterm bukan hanya merupakan masalah kesehatan dengan kejadian
yang tinggi (11,1%) tetapi juga penyebab tertinggi (30%) kematian bayi di
Indonesia
. Faktor risikonya antara lain periodontitis dan kemungkinan karies
dentis. Hal ini menunjukkan pentingnya kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada saat
kehamilan. Namun, perilaku ibu hamil untuk memeriksakan kesehatan gigi dan
mulut masih buruk.

Tujuan
Mengetahui perbandingan prevalensi periodontitis dan karies dentis serta
pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku kesehatan gigi mulut antara ibu dengan persalinan
preterm dengan persalinan spontan.
Metode
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang dengan pendekatan
pengambilan sampel seperti kasus kontrol. Kelompok kasus adalah ibu hamil
yang mengalami persalinan preterm dan kelompok kontrol adalah ibu hamil yang
yang bersalin spontan. Diagnosis periodontitis berdasarkan kriteria Community
Periodontal Index (CPI). Diagnosis karies berdasarkan adanya karies pulpa.
Penilaian pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan
kuisioner. Karakteristik demografik dan variabel perancu dikontrol dengan
analisis multivariat.
Hasil
Didapatkan 182 subjek penelitian yang terdiri dari 83 subjek kasus dan 79 pasien
kontrol. Prevalensi periodontitis lebih tinggi pada kelompok persalinan preterm
namun tidak bermakna sebagai faktor risiko persalinan preterm (55,4 % vs 54,4
%, p 0,0
89). Prevalensi karies dentis lebih tinggi pada persalinan preterm namun
juga tidak bermakna sebagai faktor risiko persalinan preterm (62.7 % vs 59,5 %, p
0,680.
). Tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara pengetahuan, sikap dan
perilaku mengenai kesehatan gigi mulut pada ibu hamil kedua kelompok.
Kesimpulan
Prevalensi periodontitis dan karies dentis pada populasi ini cenderung tinggi.
Prevalensi tersebut lebih tinggi pada persalinan preterm namun bukan merupakan
faktor risiko persalinan preterm pada populasi ini. Tidak terdapat perbedaan
bermakna antara pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku kesehatan gigi mulut antara
pada ibu hamil yang mengalami persalinan preterm dibandingkan kontrol.


Backgrounds
Preterm labor is not only one of health problems with high incidence (11.1%), but
also the most cause of perinatal death (30%) in Indonesia. The risk factors are
periodontitis and dental caries which assumed. This condition emerges the
importance of oral health during pregnancy. However, the behavior of pregnant
women
for routine oral health evaluation is poor.
Objectives
To compare the prevalence of periodontitis and dental caries,
knowledge,
attitudes, and behaviors about oral health between women with preterm labor and
spontaneous labor.
Methods
This study was a cross sectional study with case-control sampling approach. Case
group were pregnant women who experience preterm labor and the control group
were women with spontaneous labor. Diagnosis of periodontitis was according to
Community Periodontal Index (CPI) criteria. Diagnosis of caries was based on the
presence of caries pulp. Assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of oral
health were using questionnaires. Demographic characteristics and confounding
variables were controlled using
multivariate analysis.
Results
One hundred and eighty two subjects were obtained, consisted of 83 cases
subjects and 79 control subjects. The prevalence of periodontitis was higher but
not significant as risk factor for preterm labor (55.4% vs. 54.4%, p 0.089). The
prevalence of caries was not significantly different (62.7% vs. 59.5%, p 0.680.).
There were no significant differences between knowledge, attitudes and behaviors
of oral health in two groups of pregnant women.
Conclusions
Prevalence of periodontitis and dental caries were relatively high. Both
prevalences were higher among preterm group,
but were not significant risk
factors in this population. There were no significant differences between
knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of oral health among preterm group and
control.