Tesis

Penggunaan Skala REEL Modifikasi dalam Menilai Gangguan Perkembangan Bahasa pada Anak Usia 18-36 Bulan di Daerah Rural = The use of modified REEL scale in assessing language development disorder in child age 18-36 months in rural area

Latar Belakang : Kemampuan berbahasa merupakan salah satu indikator
perkembangan anak karena melibatkan kemampuan kognitif, sensori motor,
psikologis, emosi dan lingkungan disekitar anak. Penilaian kemampuan bahasa
anak sangat penting pada periode 2-4 tahun karena terjadi peningkatan jumlah dan
kompleksitas dalam perkembangan bicara dan bahasa. Penilaian dapat dilakukan
oleh tenaga kesehatan maupun oleh orang tua. Keterbatasan tenaga kesehatan di
daerah rural menyebabkan penilaian berbasis orang tua sangat penting sehingga
dibutuhkan instrumen yang sesuai dengan budaya, bahasa dan lingkungan anak.
Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui akurasi instrumen penilaian kemampuan
bahasa berbasis orang tua pada anak usia 18-36 bulan didaerah rural.

Metode : Subjek penelitian diambil dari anak usia 18 – 36 bulan dan orang
tua/pelaku rawat peserta posyandu di desa Sukarapih, Kecamatan Tambelang,
Kabupaten Bekasi. Orang tua/pelaku rawat harus mampu membaca dan mengerti
bahasa Indonesia. Perkembangan bahasa anak dinilai dengan skala REEL
(Receptive Expressive Emergent Language) modifikasi oleh orang tua dan skala
ELM (Early Language Milestone) oleh peneliti. Hasil penilaian skala REEL
dibandingkan dengan skala ELM melalui uji diagnostik untuk mendapatkan nilai
sensitivitas dan spesifitas, nilai prediksi positif dan negatif serta likelihood ratio
(LR).

Hasil : Jumlah subjek terdiri dari 100 anak dan 100 orang tua/pelaku rawat yang
diambil dari empat posyandu. Skala REEL mempunyai nilai sensitivitas 72,73 %,
spesifisitas 98,87 %, nilai prediksi positif 88,89%, nilai prediksi negatif 96,70%,
LR positif 64,73 dan LR negatif 0,28.

Kesimpulan : Skala REEL dapat dipakai dalam menilai gangguan perkembangan
bahasa pada anak usia 18-36 bulan di daerah rural dengan menggunakan kalimat
yang lebih sederhana dan mudah dipahami.


Background : Language skill is one of the indicator of a child's development
because it involves cognitive ability, sensory motor, the psychological, emotional
and environment around children. Assessment of a child's language skill at the age
of 2-4 years is very important due to an increase in the number and complexity in
the development of speech and language. Assessment can be done by health
professionals as well as by parents. Limitations of available health workers in
rural areas increases the need for a parental-based assessment tool that is
applicable with the culture, language and environment of the children. The
research objective was to determine the accuracy of the parental-based language
assessment instrument on children aged 18-36 months in rural areas.

Methods : The subjects were children aged 18-36 months and their parents /
caregivers who were participants of Sukarapih neighborhood health center in the
village, District Tambelang, Bekasi Regency. Parents / caregivers should be able
to read and understand Bahasa Indonesia. The children's language development
was assessed using the modified REEL (receptive Expressive Emergent
Language) scale by their parents and the ELM (Early Language Milestone) scale
by the researcher. The REEL-scale assessment results was compared with ELM
scale through a diagnostic test for sensitivity and specificity, positive and negative
predictive values as well as likelihood ratio (LR).

Results : The subjects consisted of 100 children and 100 parents / caregivers
taken from four neighborhood health center. The REEL scale has 72.73%
sensitivity, 98.87% specificity, 88.89% positive predictive value, 96.70% negative
predictive value, 64.73 positive LR and of 0.28 negative LR.

Conclusion : The REEL Scale can be used to assess language development
disorders in children aged 18-36 months in rural areas by using simplified and
easy to understand sentences.