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Perbedaan Ekspresi β-catenin pada Karsinoma Sel Skuamosa Oral Derajat Rendah dan Tinggi Berdasarkan Sistem Grading Bryne =The Relation of β-catenin Immunoexpression between Low Grade and High Grade of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma based on Bryne Grading System.

Latar Belakang: β-catenin merupakan protein yang memiliki peran penting dalam adhesi antar sel dan transduksi sinyal. Pada keadaan tanpa stimulasi β-catenin hanya tampak pada membran sel, namun bila terdapat stimulasi maka β-catenin akan tampak pada sitoplasma dan inti. Perubahan ekspresi β-catenin diketahui berhubungan dengan progresivitas dan metastasis pada berbagai penyakit keganasan manusia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi ekspresi β-catenin di daerah peritumor pada karsinoma sel skuamosa oral (KSSO) derajat rendah dan tinggi berdasarkan sistem grading Bryne. Bahan dan Metode: Penelitian dilakukan pada 20 kasus KSSO derajat rendah dan 20 kasus derajat tinggi. Pewarnaan imunohistokimia β-catenin digunakan untuk menilai perbedaan yang tampak pada membran, sitoplasma, dan inti sel tumor pada area peritumor. Hasil: Ekspresi β-catenin pada membran, sitoplasma, maupun inti sel tumor memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna antara KSSO derajat rendah dan derajat tinggi (p=0,000; p=0,005; dan p=0,035). Tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara ekspresi β-catenin dengan variabel umur, jenis kelamin, maupun lokasi tumor. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan ekspresi β-catenin di daerah peritumor antara KSSO derajat rendah dan derajat tinggi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekspresi βcatenin yang salah menyebabkan perubahan morfologi sel-sel KSSO ke arah yang lebih ganas dan prognosis yang lebih buruk.
Kata kunci : Karsinoma sel skuamosa oral, grading Bryne, β-catenin


Background: β-catenin is an important protein in cellular adhesion and signal transduction. In unstimulated condition, β-catenin only appears on the cellular membrane. Altered expression of β-catenin has been associated with progressiveness and metastatic process of malignancy in human. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of β-catenin on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and also to assess its different expression in low grade and high grade lesions based on Bryne grading system. Materials and methods: This study was conducted on 2 groups of OSCC which included 20 cases of low grade and 20 cases of high grade. Immunohistochemistry staining of β-catenin was used to identify the difference of its expression in cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nuclei on invasive tumor front. Results: The expression of β-catenin on cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nuclei showed significant difference between low and high grade OSCC (p=0.000; p=0.005; and p=0.035, respectively). There has not been any significant association between β-catenin expression with age, sex, and tumor location. Conclusion: Oral squamous cell carcinoma, both low and high grade, showed significant differences in β-catenin expression in cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nuclei. Thus, it showed that the altered expression of β-catenin could change the OSCC to become more aggresive and have a poorer prognosis.
Keywords: oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), Bryne grading, β-catenin