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Pengaruh penerbangan jarak panjang terhadap risiko hiperkolesterolemia pada pilot sipil di Indonesia = Effect of long haul flight to the risk of hypercholesterolemia in civilan pilots in Indonesia.

Latar belakang: Perubahan gaya hidup antara lain kebiasaan makan lemak tinggi dapat menyebabkan hiperkolesterolemia yang merupakan salah satu faktor risiko penyakit kardiovaskuler yang dapat mempengaruhi keselamatan penerbangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuktikan pengaruh penerbangan jarak panjang dan kebiasaan sering makan berlemak terhadap risiko hiperkolesterolemia pada pilot sipil di Indonesia. Metode: Studi ini menggunakan disain potong lintang dengan sampling purposif dan analisis regresi Cox. Hiperkolesterolemia jika kadar kolesterol total dalam darah puasa lebih dari 200 mg/dl sesuai kriteria NCEP (National Cholesterol Education Program). Pengumpulan data yang lain meliputi karakteristik sosio demografi, pekerjaan, dan kebiasaan dengan wawancara yang menggunakan kuesioner. Penelitian di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan Jakarta antara pilot yang sedang melakukan medical check-up tanggal 8 sampai 22 Mei 2013. Hasil: Dari 253 pilot yang bersedia mengikuti penelitian, 140 (55,4%) mengalami hiperkolesterolemia. Faktor yang berhubungan bermakna dengan hiperkolesterolemia ialah: penerbangan jarak panjang dan kebiasaan makan berlemak. Pilot yang biasa melakukan penerbangan jarak panjang mempunyai risiko 30% lebih tinggi terkena hiperkolesterolemia dibandingkan pilot dengan penerbangan jarak pendek [risiko relatif suaian (RRa) = 1,30; 95% interval kepercayaan (CI) = 0,99-1,71; p = 0,062]. Pilot yang mempunyai kebiasaan dibandingkan dengan pilot yang tidak mempunyai kebiasaan makan makanan berlemak setiap hari mempunyai risiko 32% lebih tinggi terkena hiperkolesterolemia risiko relatif suaian (RRa) = 1,32; 95% CI =0,95-1,86; p = 0,101. Kesimpulan: Penerbangan jarak panjang dan makan berlemak mempertinggi risiko hiperkolesterolemia pada pilot penerbangan sipil Indonesia.


Background: Lifestyle changes among civil pilots such as high fat eating habits can cause hypercholesterolemia which is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease might affecting the safety of flight. This study aimed to identify thr influence of long haul flights and eating habits on the risk of hypercholesterolemia in civil pilot in Indonesia. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design with purposive sampling and Cox regression analysis. Data collection included socio demographic, job and habits characteristics by interview using a questionnaire. The subjects consisted of pilots who attending medical check up at Aviation Medical Center Jakarta. Hypercholesterolemia defined as total cholesterol levels in the blood of fasting 200 mg/dl or more in accordance with the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). Results: Among 253 civil pilots who participated this study, 140 (55.3%) had hypercholesterolemia. The dominant factors associated with hypercholesterolemia were long-haul flights and frequent eating fatty foods. Pilot who used than did not use have long haul flights had 30% higher risk of developing hypercholesterolemia [adjusted relative risk (RRa) = 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.99-1.71; P = 0.062]. Pilots who had than did not often habit of eating fatty foods each day had 32% higher risk to be hypercholesterolemia (RRa) = 1.32; 95% CI = 0.95-1.86; P = 0.101]. Conclusion: Long haul flights and eatimgh fatty food habit everyday increased the risk of hypercholesterolemia among civil pilots in Indonesia.
Keyword: hypercholesterolemia, long haul flight, fatty food, Indonesian civil pilots.