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Prevalens dan faktor risiko asma kerja pada pekerja farm perusahaan benih sayuran = Prevalence and Risk Factors for Occupational Asthma Among Farm Workers In Vegetable Seed Company

Latar belakang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui prevalens asma kerja dan pengaruh faktor sosiodemografi, faktor pekerjaan, faktor individu dan faktor lingkungan kerja terhadap asma kerja pada pekerja farm di perusahaan benih sayuran PT. S Purwakarta. Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kasus kontrol berpasangan yang didahului oleh penelitian potong lintang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan sejak bulan Mei sampai Juni 2013. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan panduan kuesioner Suarthana dkk, pengamatan langsung proses kerja dan pemeriksaan fisis. Diagnosis asma kerja ditegakkan berdasarkan indeks variasi diurnal atau perbedaan antara hari kerja dengan hari libur sebesar >15% pada pengukuran serial 4 kali sehari arus puncak ekspirasi (APE) selama 2 minggu menggunakan peak flowmeter pada responden yang memiliki jumlah skor kuesioner Suarthana dkk >1. Data dianalisis dengan regresi logistik. Hasil. Total subjek yang menyelesaikan penelitian ini adalah 148 orang. Prevalens asma kerja pada pekerja farm perusahaan benih sayuran PT. S adalah 12.67%. Prevalens asma kerja pada kelompok pekerja polinator adalah 30%. Prevalens asma kerja pada kelompok pekerja famili Solanaceae adalah 45.83%. Tidak didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara faktor sosiodemografi, faktor pekerjaan dan faktor lingkungan dengan asma kerja. Didapatkan hubungan bermakna beberapa faktor individu dengan asma kerja yaitu batuk yang merupakan gejala asma dan riwayat atopi yang meliputi riwayat konjungtivitis alergi, urtikaria dan rinitis. Didapatkan satu faktor risiko yang berpengaruh terhadap asma kerja yaitu riwayat atopi [OR 6.28, 95% CI 1.501–26.310, p 0.012]. Kesimpulan. Pekerja atopik memiliki kecenderungan menderita asma kerja ketika terpajan aeroalergen di area farm.
Kata kunci: APE, asma kerja, atopi, famili Solanaceae, kuesioner Suarthana dkk, pollinator.


Background. The aim of this study to determine the prevalence of occupational asthma and the influence of sociodemography factors, occupational factors, individual factors and work environmental factors against occupational asthma among farm workers in the vegetable seed company, PT. S Purwakarta. Method. This study uses a matched case-control study design was preceded by a cross-sectional study. Data collection was conducted from May to June 2013. The data obtained through interviews with the Suarthana et al questionnaire guide, direct observation of work processes and physical examination. Diagnosis of occupational asthma confirmed by >15% diurnal variation index or the difference between working days with days off at four times daily serial measurements of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) for 2 weeks using a peak flowmeter on respondents who have a number of Suarthana et al questionnaire score >1. Data were analyzed with logistic regression. Results. Total subjects who completed the study was 148 people. The prevalence of occupational asthma among farm workers in vegetable seed company is 12.67%. The prevalence of occupational asthma in pollinators was 30%. The prevalence of occupational asthma in the Solanaceae family group of workers is 45.83%. There was no significant association between sociodemography factors, occupational factors and environmental factors with occupational asthma. Obtained a significant association of individual risk factors with occupational asthma that are coughing a symptom of asthma; and the atopy history, including a history of allergic conjunctivitis, urticaria and rhinitis. Obtained a factor that influence the risk of occupational asthma is the atopy history [OR 6.28; 95% CI 1.501–26.310; p 0.012]. Conclusion. Atopic individuals may be more susceptible to occupational asthma when exposed to aeroallergens in the farm workplace.
Keywords: Atopy, occupational asthma, PEFR, pollinators, Solanaceae family, Suarthana et al questionnaire.