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Skrining pembawa sifat thalasemia dan hemoglobin varian serta kualitas darah simpan pada donor darah di UTD PMI DKI Jakarta = The frequency of thalassemia carrier and Hb variant and the quality of blood storage in blood donors at blood centre unit red cross Indonesia in Jakarta.

Latar belakang. PMI merupakan suatu organisasi yang mendapat penugasan dari pemerintah untuk menyediakan darah bagi keperluan pengobatan dan terapi. Darah serta komponen yang dibutuhkan untuk transfusi harus memenuhi kriteria darah yang aman (bebas dari infeksi penyakit), dan kualitas darah yang baik, agar proses transfusi menjadi efisien dan efektif. Salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas darah yaitu adanya variasi donor, seperti adanya kelainan genetik pada sel darah merah. Thalasemia dan hemoglobin varian (Hb varian) merupakan kelainan genetik yang mempengaruhi sintesis dan kualitas Hb yang berfungsi sebagai pengangkut oksigen dari paru-paru ke seluruh tubuh. Prevalensi thalasemia dan Hb varian yang cukup tinggi di Indonesia, memungkinkan ditemukannya donor pembawa sifat thalasemia dan Hb varian. Seperti diketahui, pembawa sifat thalasemia dan Hb varian tidak mempunyai gejala klinis dengan konsentrasi Hb normal, sehingga dapat lolos seleksi donor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui frekuensi pembawa sifat thalasemia dan Hb varian pada donor darah serta kualitas darahnya. Metodologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan sampel berasal dari 138 donor darah. Dilakukan skrining thalasemia dan Hb varian pada keseluruhan sampel, yang meliputi pemeriksaan hematologi rutin, analisis Hb metode HPLC dan analisis DNA (terutama pada suspek pembawa sifat thalasemia α). Disertai dengan uji kualitas darah donor melalui pemeriksaan persentase hemolisis terhadap Whole Blood (WB) donor pada hari ke-1 dan ke-7 penyimpanan darah. Hasil. Berdasarkan hasil skrining terdeteksi pembawa sifat thalasemia dan Hb varian sebesar 7,97%, dengan rincian, pembawa sifat thalasemia α 5 subjek ( 3,62%) yang salah satu diantaranya disertai dengan kelainan darah ovalositosis herediter tipe Asia Tenggara (South East Asian Ovalositosis / SAO), pembawa sifat thalasemia β 3 subjek ( 2,17%), dan HbE 3 subjek ( 2,17%). Donor pembawa sifat thalasemia dan Hb varian serta SAO tersebut mempunyai persentase hemolisis pada darah simpan hari ke-7 kurang dari satu persen. Simpulan. Frekuensi total pembawa sifat thalasemia dan Hb varian pada populasi donor darah di UTD PMI DKI Jakarta adalah sebesar 7,97%. Keseluruhan sampel pembawa sifat thalasemia dan Hb varian serta SAO mempunyai kualitas darah simpan hari ke-7 cukup baik yang ditunjukkan dengan persentase hemolisis < 1%.
Kata kunci: donor, hemoglobin, pembawa sifat thalasemia, Hb varian.


Background. Red Cross Indonesia/Palang Merah Indonesia (PMI) is an organization that gets an assignment from the government to provide blood for the purposes of treatment and therapy. Blood and components needed for transfusion must meet the criteria for safe blood (free from infectious diseases) and the quality of blood transfusion should also be good, so that the process of transfusion becomes more efficient and effective. One of the factors that can affect the quality of blood storage is donor variations, such as genetic abnormalities in red blood cells. Thalassemia and Hemoglobin (Hb) variant is a genetic disorder that affects the synthesis and quality of Hb which serves as a carrier of oxygen from the lungs throughout the body. The prevalence of thalassemia and Hb variant are quite high in Indonesia, allow the identification of the donor carrier of thalassemia and Hb variant. As we known, thalassemia and Hb variants carier have no clinical symptoms with normal Hb concentration that can pass the donor selection. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Thalassemia and Hb variant among blood donors coming to Blood Centre Unit in Jakarta. It was also reviewed the quality of blood from donors identified as a carrier of thalassemia and Hb variant. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 138 blood samples obtained from blood donors in the Blood centre unit in Jakarta. All samples were tested for Thalassemia and Hb variant by Complete Blood Count (CBC) and Hb analysis with HPLC method and DNA analysis for the detection of α thalassemia carrier, and for the quality of blood storage by hemolysis rate of red blood cells (RBCs) in Whole Blood (WB) on days 1 and 7. Results. Out of the 138 donors, 5 (3,62%) were diagnosed for α thalassemia carrier which one of them is α thalassemia carrier co-inherited with ovalositosis hereditary (Southeast Asian Ovalositosis / SAO) , 3 (2.17%) for β thalassemia carrier, and 3 (2, 17%) for HbE carrier. Donors were detected carrier of thalassemia and Hb variant also SAO have hemolysis percentage until seven days storage is below one percent. Conclusion. The total number of thalassemia carrier and Hb variants in blood donors at blood centre unit red cross Indonesia in Jakarta is 7,97%. The quality of blood storage in seven day from donor with thalassemia and Hb variants carrier also SAO, have the quality of blood storage were quite good. Hemolysis frequency did not seem to be donor dependent.
Keywords: donor, hemoglobin, Thalassemia carrier, Hb variant.