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Nyeri kepala tipe tegang pada perawat gilir dan non-gilir di gedung A RSUPN CM dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya = Tension-type Headache in Shift and Non Shift Nurse at Gedung A RSUPN CM and Influencing Factors

Latar Belakang. Nyeri kepala tipe tegang merupakan keluhan yang sering dialami petugas kesehatan seperti perawat. Hal ini mengakibatkan penurunan produktivitas kerja, hilangnya jam kerja dan kerugian yang signifikan. Faktor yang mempengarui antara lain demografi, stress pada pekerjaan dan abnormalitas pola tidur akibat kerja gilir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran nyeri kepala tipe tegang pada perawat gilir dan non gilir di gedung A RSUPN CM dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Metode. Desain penelitian berupa studi potong lintang (cross sectional). Subjek penelitian adalah perawat gedung A RSUPN CM berusia 20-59 tahun, bekerja minimal satu tahun. Subjek diperoleh melalui randomisasi lantai dengan estimasi 30% dari jumlah total perawat (total sampling pada lantai yang terpilih). Dilakukan wawancara, pengisian kuisioner serta pemeriksaan fisik. Dilakukan analisis data menggunakan perangkat SPSS 17. Hasil. Diperoleh 184 subjek perawat gilir dan non gilir. Prevalensi nyeri kepala : 96 perawat (52,2%). Nyeri kepala tipe tegang : 35 perawat (36,5%), migren tanpa aura : 25 perawat (26%), migren dengan aura : 8 perawat (8,3%), nyeri kepala campuran tipe tegang dan migren : 12 perawat (12,5%), nyeri kepala sekunder : 16 perawat (16,7%). Faktor usia (20-39 tahun) dan masa kerja (1-10 tahun) meningkatkan resiko terjadinya nyeri kepala tipe tegang masing-masing sebesar 24 (95%CI = 3,247-177,405; p=0,001), 14 (95%CI = 1,486-131,885; p=0,013). Tidak ditemukan hubungan bermakna antara nyeri kepala tipe tegang dengan faktor bekerja gilir dan non gilir (OR = 0,713; 95% CI=0,291-1.746; p=0,472). Tidak ditemukan hubungan bermakna antara nyeri kepala tipe tegang dengan gangguan tidur (OR 3,5; 95%CI = 0,372-32,971; p=0,390) dan stress pekerjaan (ketaksaan peran (OR 0,227; 95%CI 0,042-1,234; p=0,162), konflik peran (OR = 0.379;95% CI = 0.067-2.136; p = 0.346), pengembangan karir (OR = 0.375; 95% CI = 0.051-2.772; p = 0.568)). Kesimpulan. Usia muda dan masa kerja yang pendek meningkatkan resiko terjadinya nyeri kepala tipe tegang. Tidak ditemukan hubungan bermakna antara nyeri kepala tipe tegang dengan faktor bekerja gilir dan non gilir, stress pekerjaan dan gangguan tidur.
Kata Kunci. Nyeri kepala tipe tegang, usia, masa kerja, bekerja gilir dan non gilir, stress pekerjaan, gangguan tidur.


Background. Tension type headache is the common health problem in medical personal including nurses. It can reduce work productivity, lost of working hours and others significant disadvantages. The influencing factors are demography, stress at work and sleep pattern abnormalities due to shift work. This study is conducted to describe of the pattern of tension type headache in shift and non shift nurse at gedung A RSUPN CM and influencing factors. Methode. This is a cross sectional study. The subject of this study were nurse at gedung A RSUPN CM between 20-59 years old, with minimal one years work experience. Subject were selected by cluster randomized on floor groups with an estimation 30% from the total number of nurses (total sampling on selected floors). The subject were interview, ask to fill questionnaire and were physically examine. Data were analized using SPSS 17. Result. There were 184 subject shift and non shift nurse. The prevalence on headache : 96 nurses (52,2%). Tension type headache : 35 nurses (36,5%), migren without aura : 25 nurses (26%), migren with aura : 8 nurses (8,3%), mix type headache tension type and migren : 12 nurses (12,5%), secondary headache : 16 nurses (16,7%). Age (20-39 years old) and duration of work (1-10 years old) increase the risk of tension type headache for 24 (95%CI = 3,247-177,405; p=0,001), 14 (95%CI = 1,486-131,885; p=0,013), respectively. There was no significant relationship between tension type headache with shift and non shift work (OR = 0,713; 95% CI=0,291-1.746; p=0,472). There were also no significant relationship between tension type headache with sleep disturbance (OR 3,5; 95%CI = 0,372-32,971; p=0,390) and stress at work (role ambiquity (OR 0,227; 95%CI 0,042-1,234; p=0,162), role conflict (OR = 0.379;95% CI = 0.067-2.136; p = 0.346), career development (OR = 0.375; 95% CI = 0.051-2.772; p = 0.568)). Conclusion. Young age and short duration of work increase the risk of tension-type headace. There were no significant relationship bertween tension-type headace with shift and non shif work, stress at work and sleep disturbance.
Key Word. Tension-type headache, age, duration of work , shift and non shift work, stress at work, sleep disturbance.