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Gambaran bullying dan hubungannya dengan masalah emosi dan perilaku pada anak kelas V Sekolah Dasar: Studi pendahuluan di SDN Cikini 02 pagi dan SDS Tunas Bangsa, Jakarta Pusat = Associations between Bullying and Emotional and Behavioral Problems in 5th Grade Elementary School: A Pilot Study in Cikini 02 Pagi Public School and Tunas Bangsa Private School in Central Jakarta

Latar belakang: Bullying adalah penyalahgunaan kekuatan yang disengaja dan berulang-ulang oleh seorang anak atau lebih terhadap anak lain, dengan maksud untuk menyakiti atau menimbulkan perasaan tertekan/stres. Prevalensi bullying pada anak di negara Asia, Amerika, dan Eropa berkisar antara 8 hingga 50%. Belum ada data prevalensi bullying pada anak di sekolah. Bullying menimbulkan berbagai dampak negatif, antara lain timbulnya masalah emosi dan perilaku serta penurunan prestasi akademis pada korbannya. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran dan prevalensi bullying, pemahaman pelajar mengenai istilah bullying, hubungan antara status bullying dengan masalah emosi dan perilaku serta prestasi akademis di SDN Cikini 02 Pagi dan SDS Tunas Bangsa. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan terhadap subyek pelajar SD kelas V usia 9-11 tahun di SDN Cikini 02 Pagi dan SDS Tunas Bangsa pada bulan Oktober 2011. Bullying dinilai menggunakan kuesioner yang dimodifikasi dari Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire dan prevalensi bullying ditetapkan bedasarkan nilai cut-off 4-6 kali dalam 2 bulan terakhir. Masalah emosi dan perilaku dideteksi menggunakan selfreport Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) dan dinilai berdasarkan skor total maupun skor masing-masing ranah, sedangkan prestasi akademis dinilai berdasarkan nilai rapor tengah semester periode Juli-Desember 2011. Hasil: Penelitian dilakukan pada 76 subyek dan didapatkan prevalensi bullying sebesar 89,5%. Tidak terdapat perbedaan jenis kelamin pada subyek yang terlibat dalam bullying. Sebagian besar subyek yang terlibat bullying berusia >9 tahun. Subyek dengan status sosio-ekonomi rendah cenderung menjadi korban, sedangkan subyek dengan status sosio-ekonomi menengah dan tinggi cenderung menjadi korban sekaligus pelaku. Tipe bullying tersering adalah fisik. Pelaku bullying terbanyak adalah teman sebaya. Bullying paling sering terjadi di ruang kelas pada waktu istirahat sekolah. Dampak bullying jangka pendek tersering yang dialami korban adalah perasaan sedih. Sebagian besar korban melaporkan bullying yang dialaminya kepada orang lain. Hanya 22% subyek yang mengetahui istilah bullying dengan tepat. Tidak didapatkan hubungan antara status bullying dengan masalah emosi dan perilaku maupun prestasi akademis. Simpulan: Prevalensi bullying pada murid kelas V SDN Cikini 02 Pagi dan SDS Tunas Bangsa adalah 89,5%. Pemahaman tentang istilah bullying pada anak SD di Jakarta Pusat rendah. Tidak didapatkan hubungan antara status bullying dengan masalah emosi dan perilaku maupun prestasi akademis.
Kata kunci: bullying, sekolah dasar, masalah emosi dan perilaku, prestasi akademis


Background: Bullying is intentional and repeated abuse of power by one or more children to inflict pain on or cause distress to other children. Bullying prevalence in children in Asia, America, and Europe varied between 8 to 50%. Prevalence of school bullying in Indonesia is not known. Bullying leads to many negative consequences such as emotional and behavioral problems and academic achievement decline to its victims. Objective: to study bullying profile and prevalence, student’s knowledge of bullying terminology, associations between bullying behavior, behavioral and emotional problems and academic achievement in Cikini 02 Pagi Public School and Tunas Bangsa Private School in Central Jakarta. Method: A cross-sectional study was held on 5 viii th grade students age 9-11 y.o. in Cikini 02 Pagi Public School and Tunas Bangsa Private School during October 2011. Bullying was measured by using modified Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire and its prevalence was set based on cut-off point 4-6 times within the last 2 months. Emotional and behavioral problems were detected using self-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and assessed based on total score and subscales score, while assessment of academic achievement was based on midterm school report. Result: The study was conducted in 76 subjects and reported prevalence of bullying was 89.5%. No gender difference in involvement of bullying was found. The majority of subjects involved in bullying aged >9 y.o. Subjects with low socioeconomic status tended to be victim, whereas subjects with middle and high socio-economic status tended to be bully-victim. The most common type of bullying was physical. Perpetrators of bullying were mainly peers. Bullying most often occured in the classroom during school breaks. Feeling sad was the most common short-term impact of reported by victim of bullying. A large number of victims and bully-victim reported their experiences of being bullied to others. Only 22% of subjects answered question about the term bullying correctly. There were no associations between bullying behavior with emotional and behavioral problems and academic achievement. Conclusion: Bullying prevalence in 5 th grade students of Cikini 02 Pagi Public School and Tunas Bangsa Private School was high, while level of knowledge of the term bullying among elementary students was low. No relationships between bullying behavior with emotional and behavioral problems and academic achievement were found.
Keywords: bullying, elementary school, emotional and behavioral problems, academic achievement