Skripsi

Kelengkapan Imunisasi Dasar Anak Balita dan Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan di Poliklinik Ilmu Kesehatan Anak Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Fatmawati Maret 2008. = Complete Basic Immunization on Under Five Children and Related Factors at Pediatric Clinic in Fatmawati Hospital on March 2008.

Latar Belakang: Pada tahun 2001-2005 didapatkan kenaikan angka kejadian penyakit-penyakit yang dapat dicegah dengan imunisasi di Indonesia, namun belum ada data yang menjelaskan jumlah angka kelengkapan imunisasi dasar di Indonesia. Berdasarlcan data WHO-UNICEF, angka kelengkapan imunisasi di Indonesia pada tahun 2005 adalah 78%, yang digambarkan melalui cakupan imunisasi campak. Banyak anak balita yang tidak mendapatkan imunisasi dasar secara lengkap disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor. Tujuan: Untuk mengatahui kelengkapan imunisasi dasar, alasan ketidaklengkapan imunisasi dasar, karakteristik orangtua (pendidikan orangtua, pekerjaan orangtua, pendapatan per kapita keluarga per bulan), pengetahuan serta sikap orangtua terhadap imunisasi, dan hubungan antara karakteristik, pengetahuan dan sikap orangtua dengan kelengkapan imunisasi dasar pada anak balita di Poliklinik lImu Kesehatan Anak Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Fatmawati (RSUP Fatmawati). Metode: Penelitian cross-sectional menggunakan kuesioner pada orang tua yang membawa anak balita di Poliklinik Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RSUP Fatmawati pada tanggal 04-12 Maret 2008 dengan jumlah sampel minimal adalah 73. Hasil: Dari 76 sampel, 40,8% anak balita sudah memiliki status imunisasi dasar yang lengkap dan 59,2% lainnya belum lengkap. Alasan ketidaklengkapan Imunisasi antara lain orangtua tidak mengetahui jadwal imunisasi (49,4%), anak sakit saat akan diimunisasi (39,8%), orangtua lupa mengimunisasi anak (9,6%), dan orangtua takut akan efek samping (1,2%). Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik antara pendidikan orangtua, pekerjaan orangtua, pendapatan per kapita keluarga per bulan, pengetahuan serta sikap orangtua terhadap imunisasi dengan kelengkapan imunisasi dasar anak balita di Poliklinik Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RSUP Fatmawati. Kesimpulan: Kelengkapan imunisasi dasar anak balita di Poliklinik Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RSUP Fatmawati adalah 40,8%. Ketidaklengkapan imunisasi paling banyak disebabkan karena orangtua tidak mengetahui jadwal imunisasi (49,4%). tidak didapatkan hubungan antara karekteristik orangtua dengan kelengkapan imunisasi dasar anak balita di Poliklinik Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RSUP Fatmawati.
Kata kunci: Kelengkapan imunisasi dasar, pendidikan orang tua, pekerjaan orangtua, pendapatan per kapita keluarga per bulan, pengetahuan orangtua, sikap orangtua.



Introduction: In the year 2001 to 2005, there was increased number of vaccine-preventable diseases in Indonesia, there was no data of complete basic immunization in Indonesia. According to WHO-UNlCEF, the number of complete basic immunization in Indonesia in 2005 was 78%, which represented by the coverage of measles immunization. There were many factors in achieving complete basic immunization on under five children. Objective: To explore complete of basic immunization on under five children at Pediatric Clinic in Fatmawati Hospital, the underlying reasons of incomplete basic immunization, parent' scharacteristics (educational background, occupation, average monthly income, knowledge and attitude toward immunization) and relationship between parent's characteristic and the completeness of basic immunization. Method: Cross-section study with questionnaire guided interview to parents who brought under five children to pediatric clinic in Fatmawati Hospital on 04-12 March 2008. Minimun samples was 73. Result: From 76 samples, 40.8% under five children have complete basic immunization and 59.2% others have incomplete basic immunization. The reasons for these children to have incomplete basic immunization were due to parent's unawareness of the immunization schedule (49.4%), sickness during the immunization schedule (39.8%), parents did not recall their immunization (18.5%) and parents afraid of the side effects (1.2%). There was no statistically significant relationship between the parent's educational background, occupation, average monthly income, knowledge and attitude toward immunization and complete of basic immunization on under five children at Pediatric Clinic in Fatmawati Hospital. Conclusion: The number of complete basic immunization on under five children at Pediatric Clinic in Fatmawati Hospital was 40.8%. The reason of incomplete basic immunization was mostly due to to parent's unawareness of the immunization schedule (49,4%). There was no relation between parent's characteristics and complete of basic immunization on under five children at Pediatric Clinic in Fatmawati Hospital.
Keywords : Complete basic immuniza, parents' educational background, occupation, average monthly income, knowledge, attitude toward immunization.