Skripsi

Infeksi Blastocystis Hominis pada Balita di Kecamatan Jatinegara: Kaitannya dengan Status Nutrisi. = Blastocystis Hominis Infection among Preschool Children in Jatinegara District: In Association with Nutritional Status.

Latar Belakang: Blastocystis hominis merupakan salah satu protozoa yang paling sering ditemukan di saluran intestinal manusia dengan distribusi di seluruh dunia, dengan prevalensi yang lebih besar di negara berkembang. Di Indonesia prevalensinya mencapai 60%. Prevalensi pada anak usia di bawah 6 tahun cukup tinggi, yaitu 25%. Terdapat literatur yang melaporkankan efek infeksi B. hominis terhadap rendahnya status nutrisi pada anak. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui prevalensi infeksi B. hominis pada balita di kecamatan Jatinegara, serta hubungannya dengan status gizi pada balita. Metode: Studi cross-sectional dengan menggunakan data sekunder hasil pemeriksaan tinja parasit usus dan pengukuran tinggi badan dan berat badan pada balita di Kecamatan Jatinegara pada tahun 2006. Dari hasil consecutive sampling didapatkan 386 sampel, kemudian dirandom menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok yang hanya terinfeksi B. hominis (n = 227) dan kelompok tanpa infeksi parasit usus (n = 159). Kemudian dibandingkan keadaan status nutrisi antara kedua kelompok ini. Penilaian status nutrisi dalam penelitian ini menggunakan indeks antropometri, yaitu berat berdasarkan usia (WAZ), yang menunjukkan tingkat underweight, tinggi berdasarkan usia (HAZ), yang menunjukkan tingkat stunting, dan berat berdasarkan tinggi (WHZ), yang menunjukkan tingkat wasting. Masing- masing indeks antropometri ini diperlihatkan dalam standar deviasi unit (z-score) dari median populasi referensi World Health Organization-National Center for Health Statistics (WHO-NCHS). Z-score dengan nilai -2 SD digunakan sebagai cut-off point malnutrisi. Hasil: Prevalensi B. hominis sebesar 58, 7%. Analisis statistik menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik (p > 0, 05) pada indeks antropometri untuk status nutrisi (WAZ, HAZ, WHZ) antara kedua kelompok. Kesimpulan: Pada studi ini memperlihatkan bahwa prevalensi B. hominis tinggi, serta tidak terdapat hubungan antara infeksi B. hominis dengan status nutrisi anak balita pada daerah ini.
Kata kunci: Blastocystis hominis, status nutrisi, balita.



Background: Blastocystis hominis is one of the most common protozoa found in human intestinal tract with distribution throughout the world, with a greater prevalence in developing countries. In Indonesia, prevalence reaches 60%. Prevalence in children aged under 6 years old is quite high at 25%. There is literature that shows effect Blastocystis hominis infection on nutritional status in a child. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of Blastocystis Hominis Infection among Preschool Children in Jatinegara and the relationship between Blastocystis hominis infection and nutritional status among children under 5 years old. Methods: Cross-sectional study using secondary data review for stool analysis of intestinal parasites and measurement of height and weight, which was carried out among children in Jatinegara district in 2006. Consecutive sampling of the results obtained 386 samples, then randomized into 2 groups: groups that were infected with only B. hominis (n = 227) and groups without intestinal parasitic infection (n = 159). Then compared the nutritional status between the two groups. Assessment of nutritional status in this research using anthropometry indexes, weight for age (WAZ), which indicates the level of underweight, height for age (HAZ), which indicates the level of stunting, and weight for height (WHZ), which indicates the level of wasting. Each of the three nutritional status indexes are expressed in standard deviation units (z-scores) from the median of this reference population World Health Organization-National Center for Health Statistics (WHO-NCHS). Z score of -2 SD was used as cut off point of malnutrition. Results: Prevalence of Blastocystis Hominis infection was 58, 7%. Statisical analysis revealed that the antropometric indexs for nutritional status (WAZ, HAZ, and WHZ) did not differ significantly (p > 0, 05) between the infected group and the control group. Conclusions: Prevalence of Blastocystis Hominis among Preschool Children in Jatinegara Distric is high. In this study showed that there is no relationship between infections of B. hominis with the nutritional status of children under five years old in this area.
Keywords: Blastocystis hominis, nutritional status, under five children.