Tesis

Hubungan Antara Fungsi Eksekutif Dengan Performa Fungsi Orang Dengan Skizofrenia di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo = Relationship Between Executive Function And Function Performance In Schizophrenic Patients At Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.

Pendahuluan: Menurut World Health Organization, populasi orang dengan skizofrenia (ODS) di dunia adalah tujuh dari 1000 orang. Kelly (2002) menyatakan bahwa 25% dari total 138 ODS mengalami gangguan fungsi eksekutif. Pada metaanalisis Green (1996) dinyatakan bahwa fungsi eksekutif dapat memengaruhi performa fungsi. Telah ada penelitian Desmiarti (2010) yang meneliti hubungan antara defisit fungsi memori verbal dengan performa fungsi ODS. Namun belum ada penelitian yang meneliti hubungan antara fungsi eksekutif dengan performa fungsi ODS di Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan rancangan potong lintang pada 160 ODS di Poliklinik Jiwa Dewasa RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen Structured Clinical Interview For the DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale Excitement Components, Extrapyramidal Syndrome Rating Scale, tes kemampuan membaca, Trail Making Test (TMT) A dan B, Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP). Hasil: Pada penelitian ini didapatkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara fungsi eksekutif (TMT B) dengan performa fungsi (PSP) yaitu p=0.014 dengan hasil analisis korelasi Spearman p=0.000 dan koefisien korelasi r=-0.345. Pada hasil analisis multivariat didapatkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara pendidikan (OR=0.294, p=0.016), gejala penyakit (OR=0.271, p=0.006), status pernikahan (OR=0.166, p=0.002), pekerjaan (OR=0.079, p=0.000), jenis antipsikotika (OR=0.067, p=0.001) dengan performa fungsi (PSP). Simpulan: Semakin tinggi skor TMT B (fungsi eksekutif) maka semakin rendah skor PSP (performa fungsi) ODS. Defisit fungsi eksekutif (TMT B) berhubungan langsung dengan performa fungsi (PSP). Faktor yang juga berpengaruh pada performa fungsi (PSP) adalah pendidikan, gejala penyakit, status pernikahan, pekerjaan dan jenis antipsikotika. Instrumen TMT B dapat lebih spesifik menilai fungsi eksekutif pada kelompok ODS sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai alat deteksi defisit fungsi kognitif di layanan psikiatri.
Kata Kunci: Orang dengan skizofrenia, fungsi eksekutif, performa fungsi.



Introduction: Based on World Health Organization, schizophrenia population in the world is seven from 1000. Kelly (2002) said that 25% from 138 schizophrenia people experiencing executive function disorder. Green metaanalysis (1996) stated that executive function can influence function performance. There is a Desmiarti’s research (2010) that examine relationship between verbal memory function deficit with function performance in schizophrenia. However, there is no research that examine relationship between executive function with function performance in schizophrenia at Indonesia. Method: This research using cross-sectional design from 160 schizophrenia people at Poliklinik Jiwa Dewasa RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta. This research using instrument such as Structured Clinical Interview For the DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale Excitement Components, Extrapyramidal Syndrome Rating Scale, reading ability test, Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B, Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP). Result: There is a significant relationship in this research between executive function (TMT B) with function performance (PSP) p=0.014 by Spearman correlation analysis result p=0.000 and correlation coefficient r=-0.345. There are significant relationship in this research multivariate analysis between education (OR=0.294, p=0.016), schizophrenia symptoms (OR=0.271, p=0.006), married status (OR=0.166, p=0.002), job (OR=0.079, p=0.000), antipsychotics (OR=0.067, p=0.001) with function performance (PSP). Conclusion: The higher TMT B score (executive function), the lower PSP score (function performance) of schizophrenia people. Executive function deficit (TMT B) have a direct relation with function performance (PSP). Another factors that have influence to function performance (PSP) are education, schizophrenia symptoms, married status, job, antipsychotics. TMT B instrumen was more specific to assess executive function at schizophrenia group so TMT B can be used as detection tool of cognitive function deficit on psychiatric care.
Keywords: Schizophrenia people, executive function, function performance.